Macromolecules, Macromolecules

polymer

A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.

monomer

A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers.

carbohydrate

"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"

protein

Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body

lipid

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)

nucleic acid

A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.

amino acid

Building blocks of protein

monosaccharide

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

fatty acid

one components of a triglyceride

enzyme

A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Carboxyl Group

-COOH Organic acids contain this functional group

Amino group

A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Carbon

non-metal that can from 4 bonds with other elements, the element that is found in all living things

Triglyceride

The building blocks of lipids: made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

macromolecules

four main classes of large biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

carbohydrates

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

lipids

energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, hydrophobic

fatty acid

name of a lipid monomer

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

nucleotides

Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases