Plant Structure Lab Vocab

Indeterminate Growth

Grow throughout lifetime (never reaches endpoint)

Determinate Growth

Grow to predetermined adult size

Meristems

Regions of cell devision

Meristem

Results in vertical (primary) growth

Meristem (tip of root)

First structure to emerge from seed and covered by slimy root cap

Apical Meristem

Regions of cell division at tip of plants stem and roots

Zone of elongation

Smooth area behind meristem (cells are enlarging)

Zone of Maturation

Covered by cottony root hairs - cell differentiation is occurring

Cotyledons

Energy source for germination in the seed. Shoot meristem found between cotyledons

Primordia

Structures that are newly developed and not fully formed

Simple

Parenchyma Cells (Simple or Complex)

Simple

Collenchyma Cells (Simple or Complex)

Simple

Sclerenchyma Cells (Simple or Complex)

Complex

Dermal System (Simple or Complex)

Complex

Vascular System (Simple or Complex)

Complex

Ground System (Simple or Complex)

Alive

Parenchyma Cells (Dead or Alive)

Alive

Collenchyma Cells (Dead or Alive)

Dead

Sclerenchyma Cells (Dead or Alive)

Parenchyma Cells

Basic cell type for vascular plants Relatively large Litter differentiation Thin primary cell walls Often function in storage May be photosynthetic

Parenchyma Cells

Found throughout mature tissue and meristems Progenitor cells of meristems are these cells

Parenchyma Cells

Collenchyma Cells

Support of soft or growing stems Unevenly thickened cell walls

Collenchyma Cells

Sclerenchyma Cells

Support and structure to plant Evenly thickened secondary cell walls Two shapes: - Polygonal Sclereids (fruits and nuts) - Elongated fibers (stems)

Sclerenchyma Cells

Found in fruits, nuts, and stems

Sclerenchyma Cells

Dermal System

Outer Protective Layer Can be single layered(epidermis) or multi layered (periderm) Often protected by cuticle Somata and Guard cells are part of this system

Dermal System

Primary cell type of this system is parenchyma cells

Dermal System

Vascular System

Function: Internal transport and packaged

Vascular System

Contains Xylem and Phloem

Alive

Phloem (Dead or Alive)

Dead

Xylem (Dead or Alive)

Xylem

Transports water from roots to leaves Long hollow tubes made of stacks of cells Thick secondary cell walls

Xylem

Phloem

Phloem

Transports sugars for use and storage Made of stacks of cells (sieve tubes) Smaller than xylem cells Thin primary cell walls

Ground System

Function: Majority of plant body structure Storage, support, and/or metabolism

Ground System

Axillary Bud (bud Primordia)

Precursor of a branch or lateral shoot

Companion Cell

Specialized parenchyma cells in the phloem tissues of the angiosperms

Vascular bundles

Strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside

Plastids

Class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food

Leucoplast

Colorless organelle found in plant cells, used for the storage of starch or oil

Sclereids

Reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants

Leaf Epidermis

Stoma

Guard cells

Lignin

Makes up secondary cell walls

Endodermis

Inner layer of cells in the cortex of a root and of some stems, surrounding a vascular bundle

Pith

Region in center of ring of vascular bundles

Cortex

Ground Tissue

Lateral Meristems

Produce parallel rows of cells

Cambria

Parallel rows of cells

Phloem

Wood (Accumulative xylem tissue) Surrounds central pith

Vascular Cambrium

Continuous cylinder of meristematic cells found between xylem and phloem