Floral Team Gen Knowledge Exam Questions

DIF, used for height management of crops, is the difference between the daytime temperature and A) temperature requirement B) morning temperature C) nighttime temperature D) none of the above

C) nighttime temperature

In commercial greenhouses, which of the following methods are commonly used as a way to regulate plant growth without using chemicals? A) crop timing B) water stress C) container size D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Agrobacerium tumefaciens is a pathogen that is commonly known as A) crown gall B) flower distortion C) clorotic mottle D) none of the above

A) crown gall

The recommended pH level for greenhouse crops in a soilless medium is A) 3.0-4.5 B) 5.6-6.2 C) 4.0-4.3 D) all of the above

B) 5.6-6.2

The virtual visual path that directs eye movement through a composition is A) pattern B) line C) form D) none of the above

B) line

Orange, green, and violet are ____ colors? A) primary B) secondary C) intermediate D) tertiary

B) secondary

The fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that govern the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature are known as the _________. A) Elements of Design B) Transitions of Design C) Principals of Design D) none of the above

C) Principals of Design

Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator? A) ethylene B) anthocyanine C) abscisic acid D) gibberellin

B) anthocyanine

A 28 gauge florist wire is ____ than 18 gauge florist wire. A) thicker B) thinner C) longer D) shorter

B) thinner

The LD50 of a pesticide indicates: A) the amount of the pesticide required to kill half of a test population of the test subject B) the time before re-entry into a chemically treated area C) the amount of chemical needed for effective pest control D) none of the above

A) the amount of the pesticide required to kill half of a test population of the test subject

Pesticide toxicity is measured in LD50 ot LC50 numbers. Which of the following LD50 numbers for the pesticides is the most toxic? A) 295 mg/kg B) 1217 mg/kg C) 34 mg/kg D) 4237 mg/kg

C) 34 mg/kg

The planned area within a floral design, which is devoid of flowers, foliage, or other objects, but is still integral to the design is known as ____. A) the focal area B) positive space C) negative space D) all of the above

C) negative space

The placement of materials at different levels within and around a floral arrangement helps to establish ______. A) pattern B) form C) depth D) balance

C) depth

With mat irrigation, water moves by ______ from the mat into the root substrate in the pot to maintain constant moisture. A) zero-leaching B) capillary action C) xeri-action D) overhead

B) capillary action

The cost of plant materials (i.e. cost of seeds, cutting, bulbs, or other plant propagules) would be examples of ______ costs on a financial planning sheet? A) wholesale B) overhead C) fixed D) direct

D) direct

Achromatic, monochromatic, analogous and complementary are a few of the classically recognized ______. A) hues B) color values C) color harmonies D) none of the above

C) color harmonies

When propagating asexually, roses can be reproduced from ________. A) vegetative cuttings B) budded plants C) grafted plants D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Soil pH is based on the concentration of ______ ions in the soil. A) calcium B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) sulfur

C) oxygen

Which of these describes edema in geraniums? A) water soaked blisters generally on the underside of the leaf B) swelling of the stem of the plant C) no visual effects to the foliage of the plant D) root disorder causing the demise of the plant

A) water soaked blisters generally on the underside of the leaf

Which of the following is NOT a part of the pistil of the plant? A) style B) ovary C) stigma D) filament

D) filament

The _____ phase begins when a plant's seed germinates and grows, producing leaves, stems, and roots. A) annual B) dormancy C) reproductive D) vegetative

D) vegetative

The tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf through which gas enters and escapes are _____. A) cuticle B) petiole C) stipulate D) stomata

D) stomata

The process of a plant losing water through the leaves in the form of water vapor is referred to as ______. A) dehydration B) photosynthesis C) respiration D) transpiration

D) transpiration

The waxy coating, called the _______, serves to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf tissues. A) axil B) blade C) cuticle D) vein

C) cuticle

Lime furnishes _______, one of the most important of the macro food elements. A) potassium B) phosphorus C) sulfur D) calcium

D) calcium

Auxin is responsible for apical dominance in plants. Auxin is produced in three places in the plant located in the A) main stem, older leaves, and flowers B) flower buds, leaf buds, and fruit C) leaf petiole, shoot tips, and main older roots D) shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips

D) shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips

A complete fertilizer is recommended for a greenhouse crop. Which fertilizer analysis below is NOT a complete fertilizer? A) 16-4-8 B) 10-0-10 C) 5-10-10 D) 17-17-17

B) 10-0-10

Mass flowers include all of the following except: A) chrysanthemums B) baby's breath C) carnations D) zinnias

B) baby's breath

Two hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel are _____ colors. A) diadic B) monochromatic C) polychromatic D) complementary

D) complementary

Broken, implied, and continuous are all part of which element of floral design? A) space B) line C) color D) texture

B) line

Light inside a greenhouse is measured in _________. A) solar energy B) foot light C) foot candles D) solar candles

C) foot candles

Poinsettias require a _______ to produce colored bracts. A) short day photoperiod B) long day photoperiod C) cool day temperature regime D) cool night temperature regime

A) short day photoperiod

Thrips can be effectively managed in the greenhouse by using: A) a biological such as the predator 'swirski mite' B) a chemical control such as the insecticide spinosad C) screening over vents and other openings D) all of the above

D) all of the above

An insect _____ generally does not kill insects, but instead drives them away before they attack the plant. A) attractant B) pheromone C) repellent D) sterilant

C) repellent

To help identify plants, flower forms are grouped as to their position or arrangement on a stem. The flower position or arrangement is known as A) flower inflorescence B) perfect flower C) imperfect flower D) flower calyx

A) flower inflorescence

After pollination and fertilization, the flower petals begin to drop and the ovary and other surrounding parts enlarge and develop into a _____. A) fruit B) leaf C) new flower D) raceme

A) fruit

Which of the following diseases does NOT affect the root system of plants? A) Botrytis B) Pythium C) Rhizoctonia D) Phyrophthora

A) Botrytis

The Environmental Protection Agency establishes toxicity categories for pesticides based on how soon one can reenter the area after it has been treated with the pesticide. Which toxicity level can be reentered immediately after pesticide application? A) Toxicity 1 B) Toxicity 2 C) Toxicity 3 D) Toxicity 4

D) Toxicity 4

In order to preserve foliage in a more natural, pliable state, place stems in: A) glycerin B) bleach C) herbicidal soap D) borax

A) glycerin

Greenhouse glazing is: A) material sprayed on the roof of a greenhouse to change light intensity B) the transparent cover of the greenhouse frame C) the amount of solar energy that reaches the plants in a greenhouse D) a measure of the loss from a greenhouse

B) the transparent cover of the greenhouse frame

When water is not applied frequently enough, plants wilt and A) photosynthesis is slowed B) plant growth is slowed C) cell production is reduced D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Plants are divided into C3 and C4 groups. C4 plants are differentiated from C3 plants by which of the following? A) C4 plants flower in shades of red whereas C3 plants do not B) C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate C) C4 plants are not as efficient at using carbon dioxide D) C4 plants cannot function as well under high temperature and light conditions

B) C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate

A plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant is known as a __. A) clone B) seedling C) replica D) hybrid

A) clone

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen graines from the flowers on one plant transfer to the _____ of flowers on another plant. A) anther B) ovary C) stigma D) style

C) stigma

______ is a process of events whereby the seed embryo goes from a dormant state to an actively growing state. A) broadcasting B) fertilization C) germination D) pollination

C) germination

Some seeds have a hard seed coat that must be soaked or scratched before the seeds are able to germinate. This process is called __. A) drenching B) forcing C) scarification D) stratification

C) scarification

The ____ is the food storage tissue in the seed that nourishes the plant during germination. A) embryonic root B) endosperm C) seed coat D) seed leaf

B) endosperm

_______ is a gray-white soil mix material of volcanic origin that is the most commonly used to improve aeration of growing media. A) coir B) peat moss C) perlite D) vermiculite

C) perlite

The ability of a plant to withstand colder temperatures is known as _____. A) cold-sensitive B) heat-tolerant C) hardiness D) morphology

C) hardiness

_____ are plants characterized by one cotyledon in the seedling stage, flower parts in threes or multiples thereof, and parallel leaf venation. A) Dicots B) Evergreens C) Monocots D) Perennials

C) Monocots

The following is NOT a characteristic of an insect: A) three segmented body B) six legs C) two pairs of wings D) two tentacles

D) two tentacles

The following is NOT used to measure greenhouse crop nutrient levels: A) soil tests B) soluble salts meter C) foliar analysis D) tensiometer

D) tensiometer

Light intensity can be measured in units of: A) nanometers B) micrometers C) foot-candles D) newtons

C) foot-candles

A _____ results from crossing parents of different genotype for a trait. A) clone B) scion C) species D) hybrid

D) hybrid

The ____ transports water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plants. A) phloem B) xylem C) pith D) cambium

B) xylem

Crassule argentea is the botanical name for Jade Plant. Crassula is the ___ of the plant. A) family B) cultivar C) species D) genus

D) genus

Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is commonly used to: A) control insects B) control diseases C) raise soil pH D) promote rooting of cuttings

D) promote rooting of cuttings

Signal words on labels alert the user to the toxicity of a pesticide. Which of the following words is NOT used as a signal word? A) DANGER B) HAZARDOUS C) CAUTION D) WARNING

B) HAZARDOUS

Which of the following flower parts is contained in the pistil? A) sepal B) receptacle C) anther D) style

D) style

____ is the process of softening or breaking a seed coat in order to overcome seed dormancy. A) scarification B) stratification C) ratification D) augmentation

A) scarification

Prior to transplanting, seedlings should be ___________. A) kept in the dark B) grown at a temperature of 90F C) hardened-off D) allowed to dampen-off

C) hardened-off

In order to lower the pH of a soil, materials containing ____ are used. A) dolomite B) lime C) hydrated lime D) sulfur

D) sulfur

Which of the following nutrients would be retained more by a root medium with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC)? A) potassium B) phosphate C) nitrate D) sulfate

A) potassium

Soluble salts in medium is measured by electrical conductivity (EC). An appropriate EC range for flowering potted crops using the pour through extraction method is: A) 0.25mS/cm to 0.75ms/cm B) 0.5mS/cm to 2.0mS/cm C) 1.0mS/cm to 4.6mS/cm D) 3.0mS/cm to 6.2mS/cm

C) 1.0mS/cm to 4.6mS/cm

Soilless medium can be amended with which of the following materials prior to potting to provide magnesium? A) epsom salt B) gypsum C) micronutrients mix D) triple superphosphate

A) epsom salt

The Worker Protection Standards (WPS) developed for agriculture pesticides was implemented by what government agency? A) United States Department of Agriculture B) Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service C) Department of Homeland Security D) Environmental Protection Agency

D) Environmental Protection Agency

Cytokinins are responsible for cell division and differentiation in the plant. Cytokinins are produced in what part of the plant? A) lateral shoots B) roots C) terminal shoots D) cambium

B) roots

Which of the following auxins is naturally produced in the plant? A) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) B) naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) C) indolepropionic acid (IPA) D) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)

A) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)

Carbon is an essential plant element. Plants obtain carbon from carbon dioxide gas. Air on average contains what percent of C02? A) 0.30 percent B) 30 percent C) 0.03 percent D) 3 percent

C) 0.03 percent

A plant's growth response to temperature is called: A) vernalization B) thermotropism C) photoperiodism D) thermoperiodic

B) thermotropism

Which of the following is not an advantage of hydroponics? A) Plant nutrition is completely controlled through prepared nutrient solutions. B) Yield per unit area is reduced since plants may be planted closer together. C) Roots do not spread as much because H2O and nutrients are pumped directly to the plant. D)The need for weed, disease, and insect control is greatly reduced due to the absence of soil.

B) Yield per unit area is reduced since plants may be planted closer together.

Allelopathy is a plant phenomenon that does the following to plants: A) Prevents the formation of bacteria organisms B) Stops fungus organisms from growing on plants C) Creates a mechanism within the plant to induce flowering D) Production of a chemical compound by one plant that slows down or stops the growth of another plant

D) Production of a chemical compound by one plant that slows down or stops the growth of another plant

Pesticides can be purchased for use in the greenhouse as a wettable powder (WP) or as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Which of the following is true about these two pesticide formulations. A) WP are diluted (dissolved) in water and can settle during application while EC are suspended in water and do not settle during application B) There is no difference in the two formulations C) EC must be added to water in correct rates where WP are applied as it exist in the container D) WP and EC both are purchased as dry formulations

A) WP are diluted (dissolved) in water and can settle during application while EC are suspended in water and do not settle during application

Tulle in florist work is: A) the ribbon added to any floral piece being created B) florist netting that can add color, texture, and support for some flowers C) silk leaves used instead of fresh foliage in corsages D) other accessories used in corsages such as pearl sprays, rhinestones, butterflies, or chenille letters

B) florist netting that can add color, texture, and support for some flowers

The country that is the leading exporter of cut flowers to the United States floral industry is: A) Holland B) Ecuador C) Mexico D) Colombia

D) Colombia

The climatic conditions that are needed for carnations to be grown successfully as a cut flower include? A) low light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protections, uniform temperature and day length B) high light intensity, mild climate, requiring minimal amount of protection, and cold nights and hot days C) high light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, uniform temperature and day length D) low light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, and short days

C) high light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, uniform temperature and day length

In growing chrysanthemums as cut flowers the plant requires which of the following conditions to maintain a vegetative state of growth? A) day length at less than 9.5 hours growing at 60 degrees B) day length between 11 and 12 hours growing at 80 degrees C) day length at 10.5 hours growing at 60 degrees D) day length greater than 14.5 hours growing at 60 degrees

D) day length greater than 14.5 hours growing at 60 degrees

The advantages of an ebb and flood irrigation system in the greenhouse are: A) labor savings B) reduced water and nutrient use C) lower pesticide use D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following is not a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator? A) ethylene B) anthocyanin C) abscisic acid D) gibberellin

B) anthocyanin

The best root medium for pH for a majority of spring bedding plants, but not including petunias or geraniums, is: A) 4.5 to 5.5 B) 5.5 to 6.5 C) 6.5 to 7.5 D) 7.5 to 8.5

B) 5.5 to 6.5

In grafting, such as for grafted tomato transplants, A) the scion is the top part of the graft and the rootstock is the lower part B) the rootstock is the top part of the graft and the scion is the lower part C) the scion often imparts disease resistance to the grafted plant D) the rootstock often provides desirable fruiting characteristics

A) the scion is the top part of the graft and the rootstock is the lower part

The pistil is A) the female part of the flower B) the male part of the flower C) contains both the male and female parts of the flower D) becomes seeds

A) the female part of the flower

The pH of the root medium indicated to a greenhouse grower its A) volumetric water content B) salt ions dissolved in water C) hydrogen ion concentration D) organic matter content

C) hydrogen ion concentration

On a financial planning sheet, the costs of the plant materials (i.e purchase cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, or other plant propagule) would be examples of: A) wholesale costs B) overhead costs C) fixed costs D) direct costs

D) direct costs

A 6-inch 'azalea pot' has an inside diameter of __(i)__ inches and a depth of __(ii)__ inches. A) (i) 6-inches, (ii) 8 inches B) (i) 6-inches, (ii) 6-inches C) (i) 6-inches, (ii) 4.5 inches D) (i) 6-inches, (ii) 3-inches

C) (i) 6-inches, (ii) 4.5-inches

Respiration: A) produces sugars in the plant B) occurs only during the night C) releases oxygen into the atmosphere D) none of the above

D) none of the above

What type of environment do poinsettias require to produce red bracts? A) short day photoperiod B) long day photoperiod C) cool day temperature regime D) cool night temperature regime

A) short day photoperiod

Botanical names are written in: A) English B) Latin C) Greek D) German

B) Latin

The greenhouse insect pest problem of aphids can be effectively managed by using: A) biological control such as ladybugs B) chemical control such as the use of an insecticide soap C) the cultural control of washing them off the plant with a strong stream of water D) all of the above

D) all of the above

In order to preserve foliage in a more natural, pliable state, place stems in: A) glycerin B) bleach C) antifreeze D) borax

A) glycerin

Which glazing material for greenhouses allows the greatest light transmittance? A) fiberglass B) polyethylene C) glass D) polycarbonate

C) glass

To pasteurize a container root medium, heat it to: A) 120 degrees for 30 minutes B) 120 degrees for 60 minutes C) 180 degrees for 30 minutes D) 180 degrees for 60 minutes

C) 180 degrees for 30 minutes

A guideline for estimating the size for a floral design for a defined space is known as A) Rule of Thirds B) Third Rule C) The Golden Ratio D) The Golden Rule

A) Rule of Thirds

The term variegated means? A) leaves can only be both yellow and green B) leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors C) leave only have stripes of different colors D) leaves are solid green with no other colors

B) leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors

Systemic dyeing occurs by plants absorbing color through the A) petal B) leaf C) sepal D) stem

D) stem

A Freesia is an example of a A) bulb B) tuber C) corm D) rhizome

C) corm

____ is the single most important element to keep flowers fresh after delivery from a supplier. A) air/ventilation B) water C) light D) cool temperatures

B) water

The three primary ingredients in floral preservatives are sugar, ____, and an acidifier. A) biocide B) salt C) chlorophyll D) iodine

A) biocide

The sense of stability in a design both physically and visually is known as A) rhythm B) balance C) scale D) unity

B) balance

A floral design with a strong sense of _____ shows an organization of elements so they appear to belong together A) rhythm B) balance C) scale D) unity

D) unity

A circular design does not have _____. A) balance B) filler flowers C) a focal point D) massing flowers

C) a focal point

Most fungal diseases grow best in ________. A) dry, arid air B) low moisture conditions C) high moisture conditions D) seasons with drought

C) high moisture conditions

Mums are considered a short-day crop; that is, the plant sets flower buds and blooms only when _____. A) nights and days are long B) nights are long and days are short C) nights are short and days are long D) nights and days are short

B) nights are long and days are short

During respiration, plants ______ A) use the sun's energy B) produce sugars C) use oxygen D) form complex compounds

C) use oxygen

If green plants show a ___ color, this suggests a nitrogen deficiency. A) white B) yellow C) dark green D) purple

B) yellow

____ exists when the terminal bud produces hormones that inhibit or prevent the growth of axillary buds on the same shoot. A) cell dominance B) root dominance C) atypical dominance D) apical dominance

D) apical dominance

Floral foam is sufficiently soaked when _____. A) it changes to a darker shade of green B) the foam floats back to the top of the water C) particles of the foam begin to float in the water D) air bubbles are no longer coming out of the foam

D) air bubbles are no longer coming out of the foam

______ seeding is when seeds are sown in a separate place from where the plants will eventually grow to maturity. A) direct B) sideways C) indirect D) top

C) indirect

_____ is used to accentuate the flowers and colors used in a design. A) harmony B) unity C) accent D) repetition

D) repetition

____ are chemicals used to control snails and slugs. A) fungicides B) rodenticides C) molluscicides D) nematocides

C) molluscicides

Small green insects with piercing mouth parts are _____. A) aphids B) mealybugs C) scale D) mites

A) aphids

The recommended daytime temperature range for indoor plants is _____. A) 60-70 F B) 55-80 F C) 60-85 F D) 50-85 F

D) 50-85 F

____ is one of the basic floral design shapes. A) fan B) diagonal C) oval D) circular

D) circular

In the list of flowers/materials below, which list is not all line flowers. A) liatris, gladilous, snapdragons, cattail B) bells of ireland, carnations, branches, snapdragons C) liatris, delphinium, gladilous, bells of ireland D) foxglove, branches, lupine, cattail

B) bells of ireland, carnations, branches, snapdragons

Joe placed a box of apples in his flower cooler. The next day he saw some cut flowers looking bad and deteriorating. Could the apples have caused this problem? A) Yes, fruit produces ethylene gas which can cause flowers to senesce B) Yes, diseases on fruit are easily transferred to cut flowers causing their deterioration C) No, storing fruit in a cooler with cut flowers is never a problem. The flowers deteriorated from some other pathogen D) No, the apples could not have caused damage to the cut flowers in such a short time

A) Yes, fruit produces ethylene gas which can cause flowers to senesce

Floral foam should be hydrated before use in a flower arrangement. Which of these methods is the best for accomplishing the soaking of the foam? A) the foam is forced by weight to be totally immersed in the water B) the foam is pushed down into the water by hand C) the foam is allowed to float on the surface until it is soaked D) the foam is placed in the bottom of a water reservoir one-half of the height of the block of foam

C) the foam is allowed to float on the surface until it is soaked

A wholesale greenhouse operation has grown 4,250 six inch pots of poinsettias. At the end of the Christmas season, 3789 pots were sold. The wholesale selling price was $3.85 per pot. The retail businesses sold the pots of poinsettias for $6.89. The cost per pot grown was $2.16 per pot. What was the net return on the poinsettia crop to the greenhouse operation? A) $14,587.65 B) $6,403.41 C) $5,407.65 D) $11,518.56

C) $5,407.65

You work for a retail flower shop in Bloomington, Indiana. You are figuring a bill for a customer. In Bloomington the state sales tax is 5%, the city sales tax is 0.5%, and the county sales tax is 1%. The cost of the arrangement for the customer is $72.45. What is the total of the customer's bill? A) $72.45 B) $72.81 C) $77.16 D) $76.07

C) $77.16

The wire services that a retail flower shop can use are: A) Society of American Florists, FTD, and Teleflora B) FTD, Teleflora, American Floral Services, and Carik C) Florafax, FTD, American Floral Services D) American Floral Services, American Academy of Floriculture, Florafax, and Carik

B) FTD, Teleflora, American Floral Services, and Carik

In growing potted chrysanthemums, the desirable temperature range for flower bud initiation is: A) 62 to 65 degrees F at night B) Above 68 degrees F at night C) 60 to 62 degrees F at night D) 65 to 68 degrees F at night

A) 62 to 65 degrees F at night

As a grower you want to use "soft" pesticides for plant pest control. Which group below includes "soft" pesticides? A) fungicides, batericides, insect growth regulators B) insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils C) horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps, insecticides D) miticides, insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils

B) insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils

The place in the plant where the process of photosynthesis occurs is: A) in all plant cells B) in all cells within cells C) in green chloroplasts within cells D) in cells in the leaf petiole

C) in green chloroplasts within cells

A solenoid valve is used in greenhouses: A) as an electrical device used to control the flow of water in greenhouses B) as a valve controlled totally by water pressure to cut water on and off C) as a valve controlled by temperature to cut heat on and off D) as an electrical shut on and off system for ventilation fans

A) as an electrical device used to control the flow of water in greenhouses

A manometer is used in a greenhouse to measure: A) water pressure in an irrigation system line B) difference between low and high temperature C) air pressure between layers of plastic D) gas pressure in a gas heater

C) air pressure between layers of plastic

In horticulture, the term "explant" is: A) a cross between cultivars within a species B) a plant that came from a genetic mutation C) a plant part other than stem or leaves such as a bulb or corm D) small pieces of plant material used in tissue culture

D) small pieces of plant material used in tissue culture

In greenhouse plant growing, a zero DIF will result in: A) shorter plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF B) taller plants compared to plants grown with positive DIF C) a decrease in how much light a plant receives each day D) a wide range between daytime and nighttime temperatures in a greenhouse

A) shorter plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF

The three secondary colors in flower arrangements are: A) red, yellow, and blue B) orange, green, and violet C) purple, yellow, and blue D) green, purple, and red

B) orange, green, and violet

The nutrient iron is essential in plants because: A) iron is required for strong stems B) iron is required for leaf formation C) iron is required for root development D) iron is required to produce chlorophyll

D) iron is required to produce chlorophyll

____ buds are found at the base of a leaf petiole and next to the stem. A) apical B) axillary C) dominant D) epidermal

B) axillary

A plant with a tunicate bulb is a(n) _______. A) peony B) tulip C) iris D) easter lily

B) tulip

Binomial classification of a plant requires a ___ and ____ for the name. A) genus and specific epithet B) family and order C) common and scientific component D) species and family

A) genus and specific epithet

A tissue in a seed that provides stored food for the embryo is ____. A) endosperm B) zygote C) seed coat D) hypocotyl

A) endosperm

The process of propagating plants on an agar gel or nutrient medium is known as ______. A) grafting B) budding C) micropropagation D) none of the above

C) micropropagation

A florists' wire with a gauge of 18 will be _____ than florists' wire with a gauge of 28. A) shorter B) longer C) thinner D) thicker

D) thicker

On a financial planning sheet, the costs of the plant materials (i.e purchase cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, etc) would be examples of _____. A) wholesale costs B) overheard costs C) direct costs D) fixed costs

C) direct costs

Floral preservatives for cut flowers should contain all of the following except ____. A) nitrogen fertilizer B) a sugar source C) an acidifier D) a microbiocide

A) nitrogen fertilizer

What type of environment do chrysanthemums require to produce flowers? A) short day photoperiod B) long day photoperiod C) cool day temperature regime D) cool night temperature regime

A) short day photoperiod

Injecting dilute sulfuric acid into the irrigation system during greenhouse production will: A) increase the root medium pH B) decrease the root medium pH C) decrease and then increase the root medium pH D) not change root medium pH

B) decrease the root medium pH

What are the organelles that capture and process the light that a plant intercepts? A) mitochondria B) nuclei C) chlorophylls D) chloroplasts

D) chloroplasts

The process of _____ is when a plant loses water through stomates. A) transpiration B) translocation C) transduction D) acclimatization

A) transpiration

Which glazing material for greenhouses allows the lowest light transmittance? A) fiberglass B) polyethylene C) double-layer polyethylene D) polycarbonate

C) double-layer polyethylene

The calculated difference between the day temperature and night temperature in a greenhouse production situation is known as __. A) HID B) STS C) DIF D) IPM

C) DIF

Before using a chemical you should refer to the SDS or A) safety detail sheet B) safety data sheet C) storage detail sheet D) storage data sheet

B) safety data sheet

The binomial system for naming plants is A) used on the North American continent only B) used only in the United States C) used internationally D) no longer used today

C) used internationally

Plants that have two _____ are known as dicots. A) nucleus B) cells C) flowers D) cotyledons

D) cotyledons

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that _____ green light giving plants their green color. A) reflect B) absorb C) produce D) create

A) reflect

_____ insecticides are pesticides that are translocated throughout the plant and kill any insects that feed on the plant. A) insecticidal soaps B) horticultural oils C) botanical D) systemic

D) systemic

When dealing with plant diseases, there must be ____ things present for any plant disease to form. A) one B) two C) three D) four

C) three

____ plants are plant material kept specifically for the purpose of propagation. A) stock B) parent C) cutting D) hardwood

B) parent

Grasshoppers begin their life cycle as an egg, transition into a larva, and change into an adult. This would be classified as ______ metamorphosis. A) complete B) incomplete C) holometabolous D) ametabolous

B) incomplete

Wreaths, garlands, loose flowers and petals were the floral design styles used during which historical floral period? A) greek and roman B) victorian C) art deco D) art nouveau

A) greek and roman

Which historical floral period includes floral design styles that were massed, rounded and fan shaped? A) egyptian B) art deco C) american colonial D) oriental

C) american colonial

Which principal of design is defined as "a oneness or being complete in itself"? A) harmony B) unity C) proportion D) line

B) unity

What color adaptation is created by adding gray to a pure hue? A) chroma B) tint C) tone D) shade

C) tone

Which color scheme or color harmony includes hues that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel? A) complementary B) analogous C) monochromatic D) triadic

B) analogous

When an arrangement is too small for its surroundings, it is said to be out of ________. A) harmony B) tone C) rhythm D) proportion

D) proportion

Which color harmony uses two hues that are directly opposite to each other on the color wheel? A) complementary B) analogous C) monochromatic D) triadic

A) complementary

An appropriate lightweight wire to use for corsage construction is: A) #18 gauge B) #9 gauge C) #22 gauge D) #28 gauge

D) #28 gauge

Chrysanthemums, asters daisies, and other flat-faced flowers are wired for corsages using which method? A) pierce B) hook-wiring C) stitch D) clutch or wrap-around

B) hook-wiring

Which item is a floral piece by a man and typically worn on the right-side jacket lapel, near the buttonhole? A) corsage B) wristlet C) boutonniere D) clutch

C) boutonniere

Which of the following elements of design allows each flower/form to have its own individual importance? A) depth B) space C) form D) line

B) space

Which bouquet style would be best for a full wedding gown with a long train? A) tussy mussy B) cascading C) presentation D) round cluster

B) cascading

A Hogarth Curve floral design is created by A) an "o" shape B) a "c" shape C) a "s" shape D) a "h" shape

C) a "s" shape

Clogged stems in cut flowers are caused by an air embolism. An air embolism is A) where disease organisms move into the flower from the air clogging the stem B) where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flowers C) where the difference between room and flower cooler temperature clog the stem D) where the flower stem clogs when the flower cooler temperature drops below 36 degrees

B) where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flowers

Which wiring method should be used for carnations when they are to be used in corsages and boutonnieres? A) piercing B) clutch C) hook D) stitch

A) piercing

The part of the plant stem that produces all new cells is the A) heartwood B) xylem C) phloem D) cambium

D) cambium

In the following list of pesticides the ______ must be mixed with water to apply. A) emulsifiable concentrate B) granules C) dusts D) baits

A) emulsifiable concentrate

An acid loving crop grows best at a pH of ______ A) 6.8-7.4 B) 6.2-6.8 C) 4.5-5.8 D) 5.8-6.2

C) 4.5-5.8

Auxins and gibberellic acid are hormones in plants that promote growth through ______. A) cell division B) cell enlargement C) cell specialization D) cell protection

B) cell enlargement

Double layer poly should have how much space between layers for proper inflation and full insulation? A) 1 inch B) 12-14 inches C) at least 2 feet D) 6-8 inches

D) 6-8 inches

In horticultural business, the product you choose to produce and retail should be at what price above the total production and marketing costs (all fixed and variable costs) to make it feasible to produce and sell? A) 100% B) 150% C) 250% D) 500%

C) 250%

The amount of light a plant receives greatly influences root growth, shoot growth, and flowering. The highest quality greenhouse plants need ____ foot candles of light per day? A) 500-1000 B) 2000-3000 C) 4000-6000 D) 7000-8000

C) 4000-6000

Botrytis often presents itself on flowers as gray mold. This disease is caused by a(n) ________. A) fungus B) virus C) bacteria D) environmental condition

A) fungus

The ______ container is 1/2 as high as it is wide. A) standard pot B) bulb pan C) azalea pot D) mum pot

B) bulb pan

Greenhouse production often requires insecticides to be sprayed to prevent insect damage on flowers. Insecticides that are applied in gaseous form are ____. A) systemic B) fumigants C) contact D) repellents

B) fumigants

Rubber Plants are commonly reproduced through an asexual propagation method known as _____, which is shown to the right. A) air layering B) compound layering C) whip or tongue grafting D) cleft grafting

A) air layering

Most plants grow best in the 40-80% relative ____ range. This is the amount of moisture that is contained in the air surrounding the plant. A) foot candles B) particles C) humidity D) dew point

C) humidity

One popular way of identifying plants is to observe their leaf ____; which will tell the person if the leaves are opposite, alternate, whorled, etc. A) arrangement B) margins C) shape D) forms

A) arrangement

A growing media amendment that is grown primarily in marshes, bogs, or swamps and has a high water holding capacity is known as _____. A) perlite B) vermiculite C) sand D) peat moss

D) peat moss

In order to have a year-round supply of cut flowers, such as tulips and crocus, that grow from bulbs; greenhouse growers are known to ___ bulbs. This means they plant bulbs out of season and grow them in a cold or refrigerated area for 10-12 weeks. A) force B) fertilize C) prune D) divide

A) force

The waxy coating on the outside of a leaf, called the ____, serves to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf tissues. A) petiole B) stoma C) cuticle D) vein

C) cuticle

When a plant is showing signs of ____ deficiency, you might notice the leaves turning a dark to reddish leaf color. A) nitrogen B) phosphorus C) potassium D) sunlight

B) phosphorus

The item "labeled X" in the figure below, is the _____, which attaches the leaf to the stem. A) petiole B) stipule C) midrib D) apex

A) petiole

The ___ civilization is credited with being one of the first cultures to use floral arrangements in their homes. A) american B) greek C) european D) egyptian

D) egyptian

The height of an arrangement should be at least ____ times the container's greatest dimension. A) 1/2 B) 1 1/2 C) 3 D) 5

B) 1 1/2

Flowers, such as Baby's Breath or Aster, are commonly referred to as ___ flowers in floral arrangements. A) texture B) focal C) filler D) form

C) filler

Which of the following greenhouse substrate components is derived from volcanic rock? A) vermiculite B) perlite C) peat D) bark medium

B) perlite

Which of the following flowers could be used as a focal point in a floral design? A) wax flower B) bird-of-paradise C) miniature carnation D) leatherleaf fern

B) bird-of-paradise

The primary benefit(s) of shading a greenhouse is (are): A) to keep the greenhouse temperatures lower B) to reduce light intensity C) to reduce pest populations D) A and B

D) A and B (to keep the greenhouse temperatures lower and to reduce light intensity)

The process of ____ is when a plant loses water through stomata. A) transduction B) translocation C) transpiration D) none of the above

C) transpiration

A greenhouse pest that is small with tan, feather-like wings would likely be a ______. A) fungus gnat B) greenhouse whitefly C) western flower thrip D) shore fly

C) western flower thrip

_____ is when a plant secretes a substance to inhibit growth of another plant. A) allelopathy B) anthesis C) transcription D) translation

A) allelopathy

The first thing to do before applying a pesticide is _____. A) fill the spray tank B) read the label C) put on personal protective equipment D) rinse out the sprayer tank

B) read the label

______ is the development of a plant from a seed or spore. A) scarification B) stratification C) vernalization D) germination

D) germination

Aluminum can affect the color of what florist's flower? A) hydrangea B) dahlia C) zinnia D) asiatic lily

A) hydrangea

If one were to make a tint of yellow, what color would be added? A) black B) gray C) white D) all of the above

C) white

Which of the following could be used to preserve or dry flowers and foliage? A) silica gel B) sand C) glycerin D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following would be a direct cost in a floral shop; A) cut flowers in the cooler B) insurance for the shop's building C) energy bills D) membership fee for FTD

A) cut flowers in the cooler

The following is not a characteristic of an insect: A) two tentacles B) six legs C) two pairs of wings D) three body segments

A) two tentacles

Most indoor foliage plants need which kind of lighting? A) direct sunlight B) bright indirect light C) medium light D) bright light

B) bright indirect light

The water-conducting tissue of plants is called ____ A) xylem B) phloem C) peduncle D) pedicel

A) xylem

A chemical compound used as an additive to prevent the growth of bacteria in vase water is considered to be a(n) _____ A) acidifier B) biocide C) botrytis D) citric acid

B) biocide

Rolling back petals of flower to create a more open blossom is called _____ A) petalling B) reflexing C) sewing D) tailoring

B) reflexing

What is a common target date for bracts to develop color and the flowers open? A) September 15 B) October 10 C) November 15 D) December 25

C) November 15

A state of equilibrium where both sides of the design are equal. A) asymmetrical design B) symmetrical design C) composition D) form

B) symmetrical design