unit B terms

renaissance

the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world

patron

a person who supports with money, gifts, efforts, or endorsement an artist, writer, museum, cause, charity, institution, or special event

humanism

renaissance movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece & Rome, such as the worth of each individual

secular

worldly, not overtly or specifically religious

individualism

emphasis on the dignity and worth of the individual person

sonnet

poetry form with 14 lines and a fixed pattern of rhyme and meter

Chateaux

castles; blend of medieval Gothic towers and windows with classical arches

Justification by faith

a concept developed by Martin Luther that says faith alone is enough to bring salvation (state of being saved)

indulgence

pardon (act of being forgiven) sold by the catholic church to reduce one's punishments for sins

vocation

a calling from god to take up certain work

theocracy

government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god

predestination

doctrine (belief) of John Calvin that each person's fate is predetermined by god

seminary

school for educating priests, as ordered by the council of Trent

baroque

ornate (complex), dramatic artistic style developed in Europe in the 1550's

classical

describing the artistic style of ancient Greece & Rome, characterized by balance, elegance, and simplicity

vernacular

the language of everyday speech, not of scholars, in a country or region

perspective

an artistic technique for showing relationships and space between objects

transubstantiation

to change (the bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist

edict

a decree (order) issued by a sovereign (ruler) or other authority.

machiavellian

characterized by subtle or unscrupulous cunning, deception, expediency, or dishonesty

laity

church members who are not clergy (religious official)

purgatory

a condition or place in which the souls of those dying penitent are purified from venial sins, or undergo the temporal punishment that, after the guilt of mortal sin has been remitted, still remains to be endured by the sinner

aristocrat

member of the nobility or the upper class