ethics quiz #1

no, as there is no set database or body of knowledge.

philosophy is interested in gaining knowledge-philosophy gave birth to the sciences (math, psychology, etc)

the “residue” of the sciences. philosophy is concerned with unanswered questions, identification of issues. it’s primary focus is to attempt to resolve these issues.

nature of reality. also known as first philosophy. theology and “being”

nature of issues

nature of beauty

nature of argument and reasoning

nature of right and wrong

logical reasoning

(moral theory) development of an ethical system designed to help make moral decisions

deontological, teleological, relativism

list of rules/moral laws

some goal in mind

social norms are how we should live (social rel.)

or (subjective rel.) individualism based on individual moral laws

studies the logic of moral systems and the use of key terminology in a moral system (ex. happiness, right)

the application of a moral system to issues requiring moral import

focused on explaining nature. example: atonomists

first to focus on self-development and how one should live (ethical concerns). served in the military, was executed in 399.

two famous dictums: “know thyself” and “the unexamined life is not worth living”. no lecture notes survived, much of what we know was spread through plato and xenophan.

created the socratic method

giving birth to admitted facts, or instances, which seem to be the basis of an idea. method of modifying, correcting, or destroying the proposed instance or definition

taught by socrates. rejected political life and founded the academy. very strong socratic influence found in his writings.

no lecture notes survived history. most important contribution: the theory of forms

entered the academy at 18 years old-studied there for 20 years. tutored alexander (the great). founded the lyceum. when alexander died, aristotle was forced to flea athens to avoid being executed.

1st scientific philosopher; contributions to biology, psychology, etc.

“historian of western thought”, discusses both his theories and those before him, attempts to distinguish the various branches of human knowledge. known for distinguishing rationality as the basis of a moral person

distinguishes human beings

theoretical (theoretike), productive (poietike), practical (praktike)

understand the workings of reality without changing it. theory and contemplation. 3 subdivisions: mathematics, physics, metaphysics

the end to which reason is employed is the production of a product, which is used for serving needs. example: writing poems

ethics is a practical science, the goal is to act in a certain way

because new theories and ideas are constantly emerging, making any knowledge base not stagnant.

learning how to learn

gathering information from sources like videos and articles, and then displaying that knowledge in things like tests, papers, and projects.

something that defines you as an expert in that field. the knowledge needed to become an expert is deep but narrow in scope.

a much broader scope of knowledge.

to provide a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the process involved in the successful gathering, evaluating, and use of information

the unanswered questions, the yet-to-be discovered facts, new and untested theories, and methods of solving problems…in other words, the “cutting edge stuff”…constitutes raw material

to try to clearly understand and articulate their perspective of the problems and issues they are contemplating

the philosophers perspective of a problem and any possible solutions they might offer are directly connected

successful philosophers will anticipate their readers concerns and address those concerns in the arguments they present

if you can read and understand philosophy, you can read and understand just about anything.

first of the two learning skills

examination and evaluation of ideas for a deeper understanding and possible acceptance of those ideas

second of the two learning skills

rationality

rationality is the defining function of humans

to find principles upon which a discussion of moral problems can be based

ethics is not a perfect science, as the rules of moral conduct are not as rigorously as the principles found in theoretical sciences

true

“living well” or “doing well”

living a virtuous life

a functional excellence, and it defines the proper function of a thing or concept

moral virtues (human actions) and intellectual virtues (rational element)