hallford 1

a familiar proverb or wise saying ex: Opposites attract. Don't judge a book by its cover.

a literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions

the repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words

a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize

a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way

the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers

a detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response ex: The wise advisor, the femme fatal

a statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work

an expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off ex: Plenty of fish in the sea.

the point of highest interest in a literary work

a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions

details that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events

conversation between two or more people

the word choices made by a writer

harsh, inharmonious, or discordant sounds

the omission of a word or phrase which is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context ex: Some people prefer cats; others, dogs.

a saying or statement on the title page of a work, or used as a heading for a chapter or other section of a work

a section at the end of the story that finishes or sums up the story

a moment of sudden revelation or insight

an indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant

a brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters

a story that concerns an unreal world or contains unreal characters; a fantasy may be merely whimsical, or it may present a serious point

language employing one or more figures of speech (simile, metaphor, imagery, etc.)

the insertion of an earlier event into the normal chronological order of a narrative

the presentation of material in such a way that the reader is prepared for what is to come later in the work

a major category or type of literature

intentional exaggeration to create an effect

an expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression; or, a regional speech or dialect ex: Kill two birds with a stone

the use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses

the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs

a type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite ex: describing a particularly horrific scene by saying "It was not a pretty picture"

a direct comparison of two different things

the emotional atmosphere of a work

a standard theme, element, or dramatic situation that recurs in various works

a story or narrated account

the one who tells the story; may be first- or third-person, limited or omniscient

a narrator who is able to know, see, and tell all, including the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters

a word formed from the imitations of natural sounds

an expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined ex: bittersweet

an apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth ex: The more you fail, the more likely you are to succeed.

the use of corresponding grammatical or syntactical forms (parallel structure)

a restatement of a text in a different form or in different words, often for the purpose of clarity

a comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often for the purpose of clarity

characterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship

endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics

the action of a narrative or drama

the vantage point from which a story is told

the falling action of a narrative, the events following the climax

a question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer

a question requiring thought to answer or understand; a puzzle or conundrum

harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule

the use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions

A real or fictional episode; a division of an act in a play

the time, place, and environment in which actions take place

a comparison of two things using "like," "as," or other specifically comparative words

A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause

actor on stage performing only to the audience; a character's thoughts or monologue

an object that is used to represent something else

the manner in which words are arranged into sentences

a central idea of a work

the primary position taken by a writer or speaker

the attitude of a writer, usually implied, toward the subject or audience

a point in a work in which a very significant change occurs

the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis

Informal words or expression not usually acceptable in formal writing.

the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work

the arrangement or framework of a sentence, paragraph, or entire work

literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression

the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner

an artistic movement emphasizing the imagination and characterized by incongruous juxtapositions and lack of conscious control

Characters, setting of the story