IST195 Final Exam

e-commerce is a part of e-business

companies that raise money from a variety of investors and then invest a large sum of money in a project in its late stage. investors are looking to grow that business. plays a vital role in a startup's growth.

people with excess money that want to takes a risk. ex: shark tank

bootstrap, friends and family, loan, crowdfunding, angel investors, venture capital

you pay out of your own pocket

kickstarter, gofundme, etc

any process that a business organization conducts over a computer-mediated network

buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. a part of e-business

infrastructure as a service. renting a computer on the cloud, needs additional operating power. cloud hosting; having multiple servers to run your business

software as a service. uses software from the cloud. user has less control over it

IaaS for computing power

amazon web services. IaaS but specifically for storage

works on roadmap and features that will provide the most value to customers. creates a vision of where the product is going (product development)

works directly with the customer, manages relationships and expectations with clients. creates timeline for sprints

instead of betting everything on a "big bang" launch, an agile team delivers their work in small, but consumable, increments. work in sprints, allowing the team to learn through experiences.

the brain of any computing device aka the semiconductor. processes all the information. how fast a computer is dependent on how many CPUs there are.

the original internet protocol (IP) schematic when the internet was first created

4 sets of numbers, each between 0 and 255. ex: 128.5.12.89

the solution for when the internet ran out of numbers for IPv4

technical, operational, managerial

web/software developer, systems admin, network architect, information security, data scientist, database admin

help desk, computer support specialist, user experience/graphic design, tech sales/account management, quality assurance

IT manager, applications project manager, product manager, systems/support manager, CIO/CTO director

the trend of employees voluntarily leaving their jobs, from spring 2021 to the present, primarily in the US. people want to work from home more and were chasing higher paying jobs because the market was hot. has changed the IT industry globally.

people are only doing the bare minimum in their jobs instead of going above and beyond what is expected of them

1. self awareness

2. listen and communicate

3. work with different types of people

4. empathy: infer what others are thinking and feeling

non-fungible token. a unique digital collectible that has value to it. uses blockchain to act as a non-duplicable digital certificate of ownership

a decentralized network of computers

establishes the terms of an agreement that are executed as code running on a blockchain. follows simple "if/when... then..." statements

1. speed, efficiency, accuracy

2. trust and transparency

3. security

4. cuts out intermediaries

secure, open source, decentralized

1 kilobyte

1 megabyte

1 terabyte

1 petabyte

1 byte

1 or 0

provides user interface, manages resources, runs applications, file management

1. embedded; ex: smartwatches, traffic lights, elevators, iOT

2. standalone; ex: desktop operating systems (macOS, Windows)

3. mobile operating systems; ex: iOS 16, Android 12

Bill Gates

Steve Jobs

Ken Thompson

Linus Torvalds

Linux

based on math. uses keys to encrypt messages

hides a message within a message. no encryption, just hiding. need to know what to look for in order to find the message

symmetric and asymmetric

uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt

uses two keys (public and private)

bob's public key; bob's private key

random access memory chip that holds programs and data that the computer is presently processing. very volatile

cache level 1 and level 2

universal serial bus. can connect up to 127 additional devices together with a single connector

new standard that uses USB 3.1; reversible. Apple was forced by the EU to change to this standard

5 gigabytes/second

10 gigabytes/second

biden passed a law that will invest money into the domestic manufacturing of semiconductors in the US. presently, the largest manufacturer of semiconductors is Taiwan

Micron will open a semiconductor factory in Syracuse, bringing in high paying jobs and more jobs overall in CNY

residents of CA have the right to see what info is collected on them and ask for it to be deleted. the right to not have your data shared. structured after the GDPR

currently in Congress. covers all americans so that our data is protected and private

privacy law within the EU. the best privacy protection for consumers that exists globally

a box element that changes the style of a set of character or region. controls the margin and padding. not good for changing the style of a set of characters because it is a block (not inline), so it offsets everything in the next line

inline element that changes the style of a set of characters

source IP address, destination IP address, acknowledgement (TCP), sequence number, data within the packet

skip the key number of letters forward

uses a complex number as the key. for each letter, skip the first number forward. then repeat for each number in the key per letter.

put the word at the beginning of the alphabet and eliminate the word's letters in the alphabet. don't repeat letters--should be 26 letters total

256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 ignore leading zeros pay attention to capital letters vs lowercase letters

apple's privacy update now requires apps to ask users if they can track you across apps and websites owned by other companies. 3rd party cookies track you and deliver targeted ads across multiple platforms

a program/code that determines what shows up in our news feed

how much content: how many friends you have, how many times they've posted since you last logged in

considerations of content: how many interactions there are within a post. shows what is more popular

commenting, sharing, reacting

clicking, watching, viewing/hovering; aka usual content consumption

false news (AI and 4rd party fact checkers), click gap (disproportionate amount of links from FB vs the organic web), clickbait, engagement bait, sensationalized health content

based on signals; how likely you are to interact with a certain post

happens accidentally

deliberate intention to deceive

parentheses, negation, percent, exponents, multiply, divide, add, subtract, compare

built into excel: sum, count, average, if

evaluated by PEMDAS

sets rules for cell formatting

vertical look up; retrieves info from an excel database based on a supplied instance of a unique identifier

separates values in each row with a specific character

ex: separate each student's grades with a comma

enables someone to quickly, accurately, and easily summarize and analyze large amounts of data

data directly collected from a consumer

data exchanged between two companies

data bought from third parties

enriches data from other companies

track users from site to site and deliver targeted ads to these users

highly organized and manageable

structure that is not formally defined, like PDFs

hybrid of structured and unstructured, like emails

includes information on positions

volume (scale), variety (diff. forms), velocity (analysis of streaming data), veracity (uncertainty)

what data do we have? how can we use it? what other data should we have? how can we drive value from data?

what happened and why

what is likely to happen and why

find something important without asking the question

culmination of all 3 that shows what the best solution is