Stage Test 1

First Class privileges for 12 months then third class privileges for 48 months

Second Class privileges for 12 months then third class privileges for 48 months

Third class privileges for 60 months

First class privileges for 6 months, then second class privileges for 6 months, then third class privileges for 12 months

Second class privileges for 12 months, then third class privileges for 12 months

Third class privileges for 24 months

141 follows a syllabus, 61 does not

Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air, and powered lift

Single-engine land, single-engine sea, multi-engine land, multi-engine sea, helicopter, gyroplane, airship, and balloon

Must be completed every 24 months, 1 hour of ground and 1 hour of flight

40 hours as pilot in a heavier-than-air aircraft, 3 hours of flight training in a glider, and 10 solo flights

Illness

Medication

Stress

Alcohol

Fatigue

Eating

Emotion

Anti-Authority - Follow the rules, they’re usually right

Impulsivity - Not so fast, think first

Invulnerability - It could happen to me

Macho - Taking chances is foolish

Resignation - I’m not helpless, I can make a difference

When an airplane is flown into terrain with no prior awareness

Results from weather, unfamiliar environment, nonstandard procedures, breakdown/loss of communication, loss of situational awareness, lack of perception hazards, and lack of sound risk management techniques

FARs require blood alcohol level of less than .04, 8 hours bottle to throttle, and cannot be under the effects of alcohol

Should be followed unless in an emergency

Thumbs point to up aileron

Elevator is attached to the back

Rudder is attached to the back

Help minimize workload

Synonymous with each other

Annual Inspection (12 Months)

VOR Inspection (30 Days)

100 Hour Inspection

Altimeter (Pitot/Static) (24 Months)

Transponder (24 Months)

ELT (12 Months)

Annual covers 100 Hour but not vise versa

Intake

Compression

Power

Exhaust

4 Strokes, 2 Full Cycles

Should see a drop in RPM when one is turned off and the other is left on

An uncontrolled, explosive ignition of the fuel/air mix

When the fuel/air mix is ignited in advance of normal ignition

Most common for piston-powered aircraft is avgas 100 low lead (Blue)

Can use next higher grade of fuel in emergency

87→ 100 → 100LL

Engine is mainly cooled by outside air which is let into the engine by cowlings

Closer to center = Higher angle of attack

Further from center = Lower angle of attack

Outside cuts air faster, lift is the same throughout the propeller

Uses both pitot and static pressure to calculate airspeed

Best angle

Best climb

Maneuvering speed

Lower limit of white arc, stalling speed, minimum steady flight in landing

Lower limit of green arc, stalling speed, minimum steady flight speed

Upper limit of white arc, maximum flaps extended speed

Upper limit of green arc, maximum cruising speed

Red line, never exceed speed

Flap operating range

Normal operating range

The caution range

High to low, look out below

Low to high, you’re in the sky

Both for pressure and temperature

Uses static pressure

Uses gyros, can be prone to tumbling, but can be realigned using the magnetic compass on the ground or in straight-and-level flight

Lift, weight, thrust, and drag

Angle between chord line and relative wind

Created by low pressure, high speed air on top and high pressure, low speed air on bottom

(Newtons 3rd law and Bernoulli’s principle)

Controlled by rudder, creates yawing motion

Controlled by elevator, aircraft stability about lateral axis

Controlled by ailerons, aircraft stability about longitudinal axis

Severe control problems

Power Idle

Ailerons neutral

Rudder opposite

Elevator pressure

Torque

Gyroscopic Precession

Asymmetrical Thrust

Spiraling Slipstream

Horizontal component of lift

Stalls that occur from increased G-forces at higher airspeeds

Should be done in 10 degree incraments

Peripheral Vision

Aircraft that have right-of-way: aircraft being overtaken, aircraft to the right, and aircraft in distress

Nearest magnetic direction to runway, then rounded to nearest 10 degrees, then 0 is dropped

May not be used for landing, but can be used for taxiing, landing rollout, and takeoffs

Cannot be used for landing, takeoff, or taxiing, but can be used in emergencies

Two bar: red above white, on glide path

Both white, too high

Both red, too low

Lights installed in a row: Two white to the left, two red on the right, on glide path

All white, too high

All red, too low

Controlled, blue

Uncontrolled, magenta