CAA PPL lvl 1(second semester)

1. departure leg

2. Crosswind leg

3. Downwind leg

4. Base leg

5. Final leg

PA = (29.92 - CA)1000 + FE

It is accessed through the atis

PA is used for finding Density altitude

-2 degrees per 1000 ft

60(rotation speed)

76(best rate of climb)

64(best angle of climb)

89-113(maneuvering speed)

55(clean stall)

49(dirty stall)

102(max speed with flaps extended)

125(normal operating speed)

154(never exceed speed)

17(max crosswind)

76(best glide speed)

Lift, weight, drag, thrust

Lift

Thrust

the chord line in relation to the relative wind

The angle of the wings

To improve stability

1. Bernoulli’s principle

2. newtons 3rd Law

Because of the airfoil shape, there is less pressure on the top of the wing than on the bottom therefore, the plane goes up(lift).

Because the air molecules are being pushed down, the wing must be pushed up.

Parasitic and induced

drag that is crated by the production of lift and disruption of air; causes wingtip vortices

drag created by the product of airflow over the plane

LD Max/least amount of total drag

Parasitic

induced

When the wingtip vertices are intercepted by the the ground

rough air that is created by wingtip vertices

Fly over the Wingtip vertices using Vx

P-Factor, Torque Effect, and Spiraling Slipstream.

because of the props spinning direction, the plane wants to yaw left

When the air created from the prop twists around and hits the rudder causing the plane to want to yaw left

based on the AoA, some parts of the prop will grab more air than others, causing the plane to want to yaw left

RIGHT RUDDER

below the name

120(OAT-ISA) + PA

It is used to see how the aircraft will preform

1500 lbs

86.25

129377.7