Important people AP Psych

First female president of the American Psychological Association

Documented the human sexual response pattern: excitement, plateu, orgasm, resolution; conducted lab studies on men and women to determine the response cycle they go through during sex

Pushed for the creation of asylums in America to treat mentally ill

Created first psychology research lab in the United States of America; became first president of the American Psychological Association

First woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology; second female president of the American Psychological Association

Father of psychology; set up the first psychological laboratory (Germany, 1879); studied conscious experience

Discovered the area in the left frontal lobe that controls the muscles involved in the production of speech

Proposed theory of evolution through natural selection by means of "survival of the fittest", ideas led to evolutionary perspective

Neurologist who pioneered operations to sever the corpus callosum of people with severe epilepsy

Discovered the area in the left temporal lobe which interprets spoken and written language

Created psychoanalytic perspective; emphasized examination of unconscious mind (dream analysis, transference, free association); developed psychosexual stages and parts of the mind: id, ego, superego

Created theory of functionalism; described mind as a stream of consciousness

Studied observational learning/modeling; conducted Bobo doll experiment; developed reciprocal determinism

Discovered classical conditioning; conducted the famous experiments on salivation of dogs

Discovered learned helplessness; conducted experiments in which dogs that could not escape electric shocks learned to act helpless even when given the ability to escape

Behaviorist; conducted research on operant conditioning; researched animal learning using a self-named box; said that "free will is an illusion"

Developed the law of effect; one of the first people to research operant conditioning; conducted experiments with cats in a puzzle box

Studied latent learning; performed experiments on rats in mazes to see how rewards affect time to complete a maze; suggested cognitive maps

Father of behaviorism; conducted Little Albert experiment

Nativist language theorist; believed humans are born with a language acquisition device; theorized that there is a critical period for learning language

Hypothesized the forgetting curve by memorizing non-sense syllables; developed the serial-positioning effect

Studied insight learning; observed chimpanzees as they generated sudden solutions to retrieve bananas that were out of reach

Memory researcher; tested constructed memory; performed experiments on recall of car crash based on term used to describe the crash; misinformation effect

Found short-term memory capacity to be seven, plus or minus two; described chunking as a way to expand capacity

Created the linguistic relativity hypothesis; theorized that language influences thought

Researched attachment styles; performed the "Strange Situation"; secure and insecure attachments

Researched parent-child interactions; described parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, neglectful

Neo-Freudian; thought personality was influenced by experiences with others; created eight psychosocial stages with social conflicts; identity crisis

Critic of Kohlberg; pointed out that Kohlberg based stages on only males; believed males have a more absolute view of morality while females have a more situational view

Showed the importance of physical comfort in the formation of attachment with parents; conducted the wire or cloth monkey experiment; found that tactile stimulation is more important than nourishment in explaining attachment

Created stages of moral development: preconventional, conventional, postconventional; used the Heinz dilemma

Developed the stages of death and grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Developed stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational; described how children viewed the world through schemas; accommodation and assimilation

Neo-Freudian; believed that people are motivated by inferiority (fear of failure) and superiority (desire to achieve); studied birth order; compensation

Neo-Freudian; suggested that women are envious of men due to social advantages NOT penis envy; suggested womb envy

Neo-Freudian; proposed personal unconscious and collective unconscious; described archetypes

Humanist; developed the hierarchy of needs and self-actualization

Believed humans require unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness; developed client-centered therapy to treat psychological disorders; incongruence and congruence

Believed in multiple intelligences; named nine different intelligences

Argued that intelligence could be explained by a single factor (g); used factor analysis to theorize general intelligece

Triarchic theory of intelligence (creative, analytical, practical); triangular theory of love (passion, intimacy, commitment)

Social psychologist; conducted the line experiment; found that people conformed one-third of the time

Social psychologist; conducted the shock experiment; found that people are obedient two-thirds of the time

Social psychologist; conducted the Robbers Cave experiment; discovered superordinate goals unite formerly antagonistic groups

Social psychologist; conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment; found that role-playing and situations can lead to deindividuation