HOSA 139 Terms (Nutrition)

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water

energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-60% of daily caloric intake

storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30 % of daily caloric intake

structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily caloric intake

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose

sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose

starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble

soluble & insoluble

25-35 per day

helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels

is important for colon health

galactosemia, primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency

inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe symptoms = failure to thrive

body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early onset

later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use

similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset

primary energy source for energy; balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox

the basic building blocks for proteins

essential & nonessential

the main waste product produced by protein metabolism

complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based

are based upon the range of amino acids present

Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy

Marasmus; Kwashiorkor disease

"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency

protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake

tissue repair; immune system support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance

should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake

number of carbohydrates, degree of saturation & location of the first double bond

have no double bonds

animal sources

have one double bond

have many double bonds

come from plant sources

omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic acid)

dermatitis & blood clotting

the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats

increased cholesterol; fatty liver

energy storage; protect & insulate organs; slow gastric emptying

based on the density: HDL (high density lipids) & LDL (low density lipids)

bad cholesterol because it transports cholesterol to body cells

good cholesterol

when good + bad cholesterol are over 5.2mmol/l

300mg/day

important in the formation of hormones, vitamin D & bile acids

is formed in the skin

increased trans-fats & saturated fats; decreased fiber & decreased exercise

is water

2-3 liters of water per day

vitamins: A, D, E and K

B(s), C, folic acid, pantothemic, biotin

have the potential become toxic because these vitamins are stored

vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and selinium

antibody production, protein metabolism, collagen synthesis/connective tissue, supports liver detox, wound healing, cancer prevention, iron absorption in the GI tract

vitamin C deficiency

diarrhea/GI upset, increased uric acid formation, rebound scurvy

fresh fruit especially citrus, kiwi, strawberries, red/orange peppers

75mg/day , maximum = 90mg/d

found in all cell membranes & protects from oxidation

nut/seed oils, avacados

acts closely with vitamin E in protecting cell membranes

the precursor to vitamin A

nycotolopia: night blindness

eyes: retinol: important for vision/light accomodation; epithelial regeneration; immune functions; bone growth/development; anti-cancer functions

especially among pregnant women (fetal malformation: 5000IU maximum)

is not toxic to pregnant women

organ meats, butter, eggs

carrots, orange/red vegetables; (water soluble)

can result from high alcohol intake

disease resulting from thiamin deficiency

anorexia; weakness; impaired memory; neuropathy

legumes, nuts, seeds, grains

carbohydrate & energy metabolism of cellular respiration; formation of acetylcholine: neurotransmitter (especially for memory)

a component of the co-enzyme FAD/FADH+H; important for energy metabolism

can be formed from the amino acid tryptophan

niacin is a component

symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (3 D's)

pantothenic, B12, B6

amino acid/protein metabolism; neurotransmitter synthesis (serotonin; epinephrine; histamine); hemoglobin synthesis; glycogenolysis: release of glucose from liver

requires intrinsic factor for absorption

deficiency results in pernicious anemia

type of macrocytic anemia

results in macrocytic anemia

synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA); essential for: red blood cell formation, protecting myelin of nerves; metabolism of fat, protein, carbohydrated; manufacturer of choline: important for memory

found in animal or fortified products

found in green leafie vegetables & liver

in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in infants

a component of co-enzyme A

important for the metabolism of cholesterol, steroids, fatty acids

metabolism of fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates; maintains healthy skin, hair, nails; related to B12 & folic acid metabolism

part of acetylcholin (memory neurotransmitter); Lipotropic factor: fat metabolism in liver & lipoprotein production; component of nerve tissue/brain

calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, phosphorous & florides

for 19-50 yr olds is 1000mg/day

healthy bones & teeth; vasodilation/vasoconstriction, mm contraction/relaxation; neurotransmitter release; blood clotting

a good source of calcium

result from a calcium deficiency and/or vitamin D

osteomalacia

a condition where calcium is lost from bone faster than it is deposited

component of ADP/ATP; cell membranes; buffering blood pH; cell growth/repair; enzyme regulation (phosphorylation); bones & teeth