Assemblages Test 3

*deck *thermal insulation *vapor retarder *membrane *ballast *drainage *flashings

loose stone aggregate or precast concrete blocks

*holds the membrane of a low-slope roof down against wind uplift *protects the membrane from ultraviolet light and physical wear

*at such a point in the roof assembly that it will always be warmer than the dew point of the interior air under every common condition of use *below the insulation (not always possible)

*thermoplastics *thermosetting

*may be softened and joined by heat or solvent welding *polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - widely used, polymer-modified bitumens, PVC alloys, etc

*can not be softened - must be joined by adhesives or pressure sensitive tapes *EPDM (the most widely used), Neoprene, CPE, etc

*adhesives *weight of ballast *fasteners concealed in the seams between sheets *mechanical fasteners that do not penetrate the membrane

use a fluid-applied membrane over a sprayed-on polyurethane foam insulation

*cut stone or precast concrete coping *drip groove *steel dowels to hold coping in place *continuous through-wall flashing *continuous metal counterflashing *termination bar *mechanical fastener *bonding adhesive *insulation *deck *roof membrane *base flashing *lap sealant

*extremely durable *fire resistant *low maintenance

minimum slopes for each material are specified by the manufacturer

*clay tile *concrete tile

prevent leakage at wall intersections

*aluminum *copper *zinc alloy *galvanized steel *stainless steel plate *Terne-Coated stainless steel *lead coated copper

galvanic corrosion is likely to result

*steep roofs *low-slope roofs

*wood (shingles and shakes) *slates *asphalt *clay tiles *concrete tiles

*built-up roof (BUR) membrane *single-ply roof membrane *fluid applied roof membrane

*Class A: effective against severe fire exposure *slate, concrete and clay tiles, asphalt, shingles with glass felts, and most built-up and single ply *Class B: effective against moderate fire exposure *many of the built-up and single ply, metal roofs, asphalt shingles, based upon organic felts *Class C: effective against light fire exposure *fire retardant wood shingles and shakes

*protects the roof sheathing from moisture and wind driven rain *has a low vapor resistance to reduce moisture accumulation

*roof edges *roof openings: chimney, vent pipes, and skylight *prevents water from leaking into roof assembly and eventually into the interior

sliding and projecting

*single-hung *double-hung *sliding

*casement *awning *hopper *skylight *roof window *terrace door *french door *sliding door

*they are more durable and seal more tightly than brush-type weatherstripping *seals by compression around the edges of the sash when it is closed *used in projected windows

projected windows

sliding windows

can open to only half its area

to allow for each sash to be rotated out of its track for cleaning

*inside the sash: casement and awning windows *outside the sash: single-hung, double-hung, sliding, hopper, tilt/turn, inswinging windows *exterior sliding screen: sliding patio doors, terrace doors *hinged screen doors: french doors *no screen: fixed and pivoting windows

*knot-free wood is becoming increasingly rare and expensive *composite wood products are increasingly used *the composite wood products are not attractive and need to be clad

interrupts the flow of heat through the metal with plastic or synthetic rubber components

rapidly through the window frame, so thermal breaks are required

aluminum

pultrusion

a process of continuous lengths of glass fiber pulled through a bath of plastic resin, usually polyester, and then through a shaped, heated die

*thermoplastic plastics *thermosetting plastics

*rough opening *flashing (to prevent water and air infiltration) *install *plumb *fasten *anchoring in masonry

*nailing the unit to wood strips that have been fastened inside the masonry with bolts or power-driven fasteners *attaching the unit to steel clips that have been laid into the mortar joints of the masonry

*solid core *hollow core

*glass within doors *glass near doors *large lights of glass near the floor

*thermal and structural performance *performance grades established covering: *design wind pressure *water resistance *structural performance *air infiltration *operating force *energy efficiency (insulating value, solar heat gain, visible light, air leakage)

wall components such as metal framing members that are highly conductive of heat and therefore likely to cause localized condensation on interior surfaces

*gravity *momentum *surface tension *capillary action *wind currents (air pressure differences)

walls that eliminate openings to keep water out

*exterior cladding (rainscreen) *a drainage space behind the cladding (PEC) *a concealed air and water-resistive barrier behind the drainage space (backup wall with insulation and vapor barrier)

*to create an airtight boundary behind the exterior cladding *air pressure within the opening can quickly equalize the exterior *sustained airflows that could otherwise transport water through the opening are prevented *part of the drained/rainscreen cladding system

on wall cladding and on a smaller scale at the detailing of the sill of a double-hung window

*the brick facing wythe is the drained/rainscreen cladding *the backup wall is the air barrier (insulation and vapor barrier) *the cavity, pressurized through the weep holes, is the pressure equalization chamber

*prevents the passage of air and water through the exterior enclosure *allows for dimensional tolerances during assembly *allows for movement between components once the building is completed

*to prevent normal movements in the frame of the building from stressing the masonry veneer *to allow the veneer to expand and contract without distress *there must be a soft joint beneath each shelf angle

masonry curtain walls also must be divided vertically by movement joints to allow the frame and the masonry cladding to expand and contract independently of one another

should project at least 3/4" beyond the outside face of the wall

*brick wythe *joint reinforcing/ties to backup wall and/or structure *air cavity *insulation *vapor barrier *backup wall *shelf angle to carry brick over openings

*window heads *above shelf angles *any interruption of the cavity

*no thinner than 1/4" for granite and even thicker for others, based on industry standard *extremely thin sheets of stone may be stiffened with a structural backing such as a metal honeycomb and mounted as spandrel panels in an aluminum mullion system *very thin sheets of stone may also be used as facings for precast concrete curtain wall panels

stone that has been sliced thinner than industry standards

*extruded by mounting the portion of the die that forms the interior of the shape on a steel "spider" that is attached to the inside of the die *the metal flows around the legs of the "spider" before it passes through the orifice

materials used to control heat conduction through cladding

*stick system *unit system *unit and mullion system *panel system *column cover and spandrel system

weep holes drilled horizontally through the pressure plate and vertically through the bottom edge of the external snap-on cover

*the external gasket serves as a deterrent seal (rainscreen) *the internal gasket acts as an air barrier *the hollow spaces between the edges of the glass and the mullions act as pressure equalization chambers

because aluminum and glass have such different coefficients of thermal expansion, cladding must be designed with expansion joints to allow movement to occur without damaging the cladding of the frame of the building

the manufacturer and installer of the proprietary system chosen by the architect