AP2 Blood

a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by a liquid matrix (plasma); always red; typically 60/40 blood plasma to RBC

another name for white blood cells; contain nucleus and organelles, but no hemoglobin; can be granular and agranular

another name for thrombocytes; used to clot blood; only survive for 5-9 days

transport: oxygen, CO2, nutrients, hormones, heat and waste products

regulates: homeostasis of all body fluids, pH, body temperature, and water content of cells

protects: against excessive loss by clotting, uses WBC to protect against infections

blood is 91.5% this; the liquid portion of blood that functions as a solvent and suspending medium; absorbs transports and releases heat

smallest and most numerous plasma protein; helps to maintain osmotic pressure

large proteins (plasmocytes produce immunoglobulins) in the plasma; immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria; alpha and beta ___ transport iron lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

large protein in the plasma that plays essential role in blood clotting

inorganic salts such as cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (Cl-, HPO42-, SO42-, HCO3); help to maintain osmotic pressure and play essential roles in cell functions

aka hemopoiesis; name for blood cell production; process where pluripotent stem cells differentiate into each of the different types of blood cells

name for RBC production; takes place in red bone marrow

the name of an immature red blood cell in middle step in RBC production where the nucleus is ejected; enter circulation and mature in 1-2 days

type of stem cell that gives rise to lymphocytes

type of stem cell that creates RBC, platelets, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

protein in blood that is used to carry oxygen to all cells and to carry some carbon dioxide to lungs; each contains iron ion allowing for the binding of 4 oxygen molecules; involved in regulating blood flow and pressure via release of NO

the shape of RBC and other cells that have no nucleus or other organelles; allows them to carry oxygen more efficiently

term used when an oxygen is carrying 4 oxygen

hormone that causes vasodilation, improving blood flow and enhancing oxygen delivery;

catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid (helps the transport of CO2)

lifespan of a RBC

organs that remove dead RBC from circulation; recycle and reuse breakdown products from RBC

hormone released by kidneys in response to hypoxia (low oxygen concentration) stimulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells

type of leukocytes that contain vesicles that appear when cells are stained; neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

type of leukocytes that contains no granules; lymphocytes and monocytes

the process of white blood cells leaving the bloodstream and collecting at sites of invasion during an invasion (inflammatory response)

most common type of granular leukocyte that is polymorphonucleated (60-70%); high count may indicate bacterial infection, burns, stress, inflammation; 1st to attack bacteria and do phagocytosis

type of granular leukocyte that is bilobed; 2-4%; redish stain; combats histamines (allergies); destroy parasite worms; high count allergic reactions, stress, drug toxicity

type of granular leukocyte that is bilobed and has a dark stain; 0.5-1%; decrease inflammation; high count indicates allergic reactions, leukemia, cancers, and hypothyroidism

type of agranular leukocyte that has a large nucleus and sliver of cytoplasm; 20-25%; does immune responses (B cells, T cells, Nk Cells); high count may indicate viral infections, leukemia, mononucleosis

type of agranular leukocyte that has a horseshoe/kidney-shaped nucleus, blue-gray cytoplasm; mainly does phagocytosis; high count may indicate viral & fungal infections, tuberculosis, leukemias, other chronic diseases

cells in red bone marrow that splinter in 200-300 fragments to create platelets

procedure in which blood is drawn and centrifuged to sperate blood into parts; platelet-rich blood is injected back into patient at injury site to promote tissue regeneration

process to stop bleeding; involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation)

step in hemostasis where there is a contraction of the wall of a BV in order to reduce amount of blood loss; builds up pressure; due to damage to BV wall

step in hemostasis where the attempt is to plug hole w/ platelets; allows for reorganization of tissue (dermis: cross-hatch pattern); involves platelet adhesion, platelet release reaction, platelet aggregation

these occur because a cross-hatch pattern does not form in the dermis when attempt to create a platelet plug; often the cells are moving too fast to fix properly

term for blood clotting; step in hemostasis that consists of fibrin

fast (pathway) process of clot formation; done at the tissue level (outside the BV); lead to common pathway

slower (pathway) process of clot formation; done at the blood level (form inside BV); leads to common pathway

the organ that most clotting (coagulation) factors/proteins come from

vitamin that is needed for normal clot formation because it is used in the synthesis of 4 clotting factors

AKA fibrinolysin; an enzyme that is part of the fibrinolytic system that breaks down clots (even small unwanted clots)

a blood type that contains the A antigen and Anti-B antibody

a blood type that contains B antigen and Anti A antibody

a blood type that contains BOTH A & B antigens NEITHER anti A or anti-B antibodies

a type of blood that contains NEITHER A or B antigens and BOTH anti A & anti B antibodies

percent of the population that is Rh+

the reaction where a serum creates clumps in ones blood when they have that type/attribute of blood

if the baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, she will develop antibodies to Rh factor; during 2nd pregnancy, will transfer antibodies to the fetus and attack the fetus’ red blood cells causing agglutination and hemolysis

a condition where the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to a decreased number of RBCs or decreased of hemoglobin

anemia where stomach doesn’t make enough intrinsic factor so unable to absorb vitamin B12

inherited deficiency of clotting in which bleeding may occur spontaneously or after minor trauma

a group of red bone marrow cancers in which abnormal white blood cells multiply uncontrollably