behaviour learning outcome 4

the transfer of infomation from one or a group of animals that affects the current or future behaviour of one or more animals

natural selection acted on the sender and the receiver

infomation that is communicated between animals of the same species

information that is communicated across animals of different species

visual, auditory, tactile and chemical

mutualism

deceit

manupiualtion - eavesdropping

both species benefit from the communication

honey badger and guide birds - bird guide and badger opens hive for both

debit occurs when signallers fitness increases at the expense of the receiver

occurs when the receiver obtains infomation about the signaller, against the signaller interest

helps scientists to study:

social hierarchies

agression and courtship displayes

bonding and parental care

predator prey interactions

cognitive studies and learning

emotions

monkeys (macaque) grooming each other

wolf howling

skunk spray

peacock showing feathers

a variety of interactions that occur between 2 or more animals

hierarchies

maintaining dominie relatinships

agnostic behaviour

social bonding and affiliative behaviour

alturism

linear

triangular

despotic

coalition

pecking order - animals at top dominate those below

animal a dominates animal b

animal b dominates c

example chickens

animal a dominates animal b

animal b dominates animal c

animal c dominates animal d

animal d then dominates animal b

complex - order of the group can change depending on hunting and mating

example wolves

seen in groups of animals that contain many members

difficult to record as individual may not interact with eahcother

several triangular relationships may exist

example ants

facial expressions

body postures

vocalisations

physical features and contact