Bio Semester Exam

planets orbit a central star

reduced genetic diversity caused by a huge decrease in population size

Useless structures that are present because of a previous ancestor

a monomer within sugars; held together by glyosidic linkages in a polymer

process in which a cell becomes tailored for a specific role in the body

nonvascular plants without seeds; first land plants to evolve

the monosaccharide required for cellular respiration

a cloud of dust and matter

organisms with beneficial traits adapt to their particular environment, reproduce and pass along beneficial alleles

the rapid expansion of the universe

hybrids are often sterile and cannot make more hybrids

organisms that lay eggs, have scales and evolved stronger skeletons

Had the same theory of natural selection as Darwin

timing mechanisms prevent different species from mating

an atom that has gained or lost electrons; the stable form of the atom

lived a hunter gatherer lifestyle and had smaller teeth and jaws due to a change in diet

the individual building block of a polymer

a lipid with a glycerol and three fatty acids

Shows the evolutionary relationships between multiple species

the only part of an amino acid that varies

an organism's ecological roll in nature

the backbone of fats and phospholipids

Similar structures with different functions; from divergent evolution

a system used to categorize organisms based on similarities with other organisms

the evaporation of water from leaves

one of the earliest hominid species identified

barriers that prevent different species from reproducing with each other

something that dissolves substances

occurs when humans interfere with selection pressures

a functional group found within basic compounds; NH3+

a process that uses solar energy to build glucose in plants

the movement of alleles in and out of a population; increases the frequency of beneficial alleles

all of the ecosystems on planet Earth

the offspring of two different species who mated

evolution that occurs in unrelated animals due to similar environments

when an entire species takes on a beneficial trait or characteristic; change in a species over time

a sudden change creates a new species which then doesn't change

a unit of DNA that encodes a particular RNA and protein

Theorized that overpopulation would lead to famine

a monomer within proteins; held together by peptide bonds in a polymer

Different structures with similar functions; from convergent evolution

Thought that living organisms were unchanging because they were made by God

the structural polysaccharide used in fungi

the storage polysaccharide used in plants

the building blocks of protons and neutrons

the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions; one strand is right side up and the other is upside down

a dissolver and something being dissolved

string of monosaccharides that provide short term energy storage

two or more elements bonded together in a fixed ratio

the end of a protein

Something that reduces the ability of hybrids to create more hybrids

multiple members of the same species within a certain environment

evolution of related organisms from a common ancestor

organisms that absorb their food from the soil

organisms that are specifically from a particular region

the cell membrane that surrounds all cells

bond that holds nucleic acids together

where cellular respiration occurs in the cell

subatomic particles that orbit the atomic nucleus; determine bonding

a process that extracts energy from the breakdown of glucose

the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards it

unicellular organisms with no membrane bound organelles; some can cause disease

ancient bacteria that are extremophiles; do not cause disease in humans

vascular plants with seeds and no flowers

the storage polysaccharide used in animals

the structural polysaccharide used in plants

A geographic barrier separates a population resulting in new species

the amount of energy required to change one gram of water by one degree Celsius

physical limitations prevent different species from mating

vasculature that carries sugar throughout a plant

an organism is created with genetic input from two sources

macromolecule composed of multiple amino acids; shape is key

bond that holds fats and phospholipids together

small changes over a long period of time result in a new species

a substance that releases hydroxide ions in solution

molecules that either have a dipole or full charge

the number of electrons needed to make the atom inert and stable

organisms that live in and out of the water and reproduce in water

the number of electrons in the outer most electron shell

an organism creates an exact copy of itself

vascular plants without seeds; require water for reproduction

the first step of cellular respiration that starts the breakdown of glucose

the mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom

a chemical reaction that removes water in order to join monomers together

differences in mating calls and courtship rituals prevent different species from mating

the only nitrogenous base not used in DNA

partial charged caused by a polar covalent bond

a functional group with a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen

the evolutionary history of an organism

Something that prevents fertilization and formation of the zygote

a substance that can't be broken down by chemical means; made of atoms

The study of how species are distributed amongst the continents

vascular plants with seeds and flowers

a measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid

phosphate group, deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base

chemical bond which shares electrons evenly

molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

a supercontinent that existed about 250 million years ago

a chemical reaction that adds water in order to break down polymers

layers of rock representing the geological time scale