science volcano

The type of lava that hurts. Forms with rapid lava flow

A small spatter cone that forms on the surface of a lava flow (usually pahoehoe).

low silica, high magnesium and iron, dark color

A sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata.

higher viscosity and lots of dissolved gas, so it tends to erupt explosively

Formed from Magma or Lava

is made up of solid, liquid, and gas and it is underground

an opening in the roof of a lava tube

More deadly than lava or gas. Increases albedo of the atmosphere. a pyroclastic that is less than 2mm in diameter. Also comes out of volcano.

In-between felsic and mafic.

The underground space usually deep below the earth's surface occupied by magma that may ascend from it to or toward the surface

The same thing as a Batholith but smaller. Under 100 square km.

A lower viscosity and less dissolved gas trapped in it, so it tends to erupt gently

They cool slowly so they have these textures: Coarse-grained and very coarse grained. (yellow)

is lava that has a smooth (yet often wrinkled) surface.

Formed at convergent subduction boundaries. Classic volcano shape. Famous ones:Mt. Helen. Lots of them are located on the ring of fire.

Over 100 km squares.

a small piece of land completely surrounded by lava flows

the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes.

The environment of the rocks forming affects texture.

Large depressions are caused by the collapse of the ground above an emptied magma chamber. Formed on continental hotspots.

looks like mushroom top. Above a dike.

Is a naturally-spun volcanic glass that is blown away from lava fountains, cascading lava falls, or turbulent lava flows.

a Japanese word with the English translation, "harbor wave.” (Btw that person is dead)

The “anthills” of the volcano world. Steep slopes and abnormally large crater.

a rapidly flowing mixture of rock debris and water that originates on the slopes of a volcano. A mudslide.

Small bits of molten lava in fountains can cool quickly and solidify into glass particles shaped like spheres or tear drops.

Measures the amount of ash and debris thrown into the atmosphere during eruptions. If it has a high VEI then it can change climate for years.

The process of forming crystals in magma.

is a pyroclastic larger than 64 mm Comes from parts of volcanic cone getting blasted in air

fragments of volcanic rock and lava blasted into the air by a volcanic eruption

Happened at Heimaey, Iceland, huge crack that spews lava.

an intrusion of igneous rock cutting across existing strata.

a large pyroclastic that is still molten as it flies

felsic magma with very high silica content.

vertical structure left exposed once the outside of the volcano weathers and erodes away

Plutons cut across layers of surrounding rock. Batholiths and dikes are examples of discordant rock bodies. A discordant igneous rock body cuts across the pre-exiting rock bed

Large volumes of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.

divergent volcanism on land.

solid lava conduit from magma chamber to surface

They are above the surface, cool quickly. Textures are: Glassy, Vesicular, and fine grained.

principal hazard from a volcano, moves slowly typically and can burn you.

jagged surface composed of broken lava blocks

Latin for “little stone,” and is a pyroclastic that is between 2mm and 64mm (a tennis ball) in diameter. Least deadly.

Underwater divergent volcanism creates this.

gassy and filled with air holes like pumice.

With large crystals like granite.

Igneous rock formations that cool and solidify below the surface.

measures a liquid’s resistance to flow. High Viscosity=thicker and low is thinner.

Lava that is moving down the side of a place that makes its way to the shoreline and it makes more area to the island. Very Unstable

the layers that make up a stratovolcano.

cylindrical hollows left behind in a lava flow if the lava has completely incinerated the tree it once flowed around

Region surrounding the Pacific plate where an increased amount of volcanism takes place due to subduction. Lots of Stratovolcanoes.

refers to the activity of magma forming and coming toward the surface.

high silica, light color

formations created when pahoehoe flows around a tree and cools to form a crust around the trunk.

volcanoes that are made on oceanic hotspots. Very wide and very tall. Made from lava flowing and piling onto itself. Most famous shield volcano is Mauna Loa.

the landform created when magma reaches the surface through an opening in Earth’s crust.

A texture of extrusive rocks. Rhyolite.

a natural conduit through which lava travels beneath the surface of a lava flow.

The more silica something has the more viscosity it has. Felsic has the highest silica content.

solid rocks picked up on the way out from magma.

a texture of extrusive rocks. Obsidian.