Studied by 33 peopleSimple Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion
The transport of molecules that cannot diffuse through the cell membrane on their own, using the help of a membrane protein.
Osmosis
The process by which water diffuses across a membrane.
What type(s) of substances do(es) simple diffusion bring in and/or out of the cell?
Small and nonpolar molecules
What type(s) of substances do(es) facilitated diffusion bring in and/or out of the cell?
Big, polar, and charged molecules
What type(s) of substances do(es) osmosis bring in and/or out of the cell?
Water
Water wants to move to areas where it can ___________ things
dissolve
Hypotonic Solution
A lower concentration of solute molecules.
Hypertonic Solution
A higher concentration of solute molecules
Isotonic Solution
An equal concentration of solute molecules.
Passive Transport
The movement of substances across the cell membrane without the input of energy (ATP).
What type(s) of protein are(is) used for osmosis
Channel protein (aquaporin)
What type(s) of protein are(is) used for facilitated diffusion?
Carrier/channel proteins
What type(s) of protein are(is) used for simple diffusion?
Proteins are not used for simple diffusion.
Concentration Gradient
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space.
Equilibrium
when the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout the space.
True or False: The molecules continue moving after equilibrium is reached, but will not change in concentration
True
What molecules can easily diffuse across a cell membrane?
Very small molecules and hydrophobic molecules.
True or False: Water moves from an area of low concentration of water to an area of high concentration
False
Water will diffuse _____ from a hypotonic area
away
Water will diffuse _____ a hypertonic area
into
Water will diffuse __ ___ ___ _______ in an isotonic area.
in and out equally
What is this an image of?
A cell in a hypotonic solution
Is there more or less solute inside the cell?
More
Is there more or less solute in the substance surrounding the cell?
Less
What is this an image of?
A cell in a hypertonic solution
Is there more or less solute inside the cell?
Less
Is there more or less solute in the substance surrounding the cell?
More
Turgor Pressure
the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall
What type of cell has turgor pressure?
Plant cells
How does a cell lose its turgor pressure?
by losing water
Plasmolysis
water leaves the cell through osmosis and the cell shrinks
True or False: Cytolysis causes a loss of turgor pressure.
False
Cytolysis
water diffuses into the cells too quickly, causing them to swell and eventually burst
What type of solution does cytolysis occur in?
A hypotonic solution
Ion channels
small protein passageways in the cell membrane that allow ions to pass through.
True or False: Ions are not soluble in lipids, so they cannot cross the membrane on their own
True
Are all ion channels always open?
No
Active Transport
the movement of molecules that requires energy
True or False: Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient
True
Solute(Protein) Pumps
proteins within the cell membrane that use energy to move molecules against the concentration gradient.
Bulk transport
the process used to move macromolecules, food particles and large quantities of small molecules through the cell membrane inside vesicles (small vacuoles)
What are the two types of bulk transport?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis
cell membrane folds around something and forms a pouch. The pouch then pinches off and becomes a vesicle in the cytoplasm.
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
“cell eating”; the vesicle contains large particles or cells.
Pinocytosis
“cell drinking”; the vesicle contains solutes or fluids.
Exocytosis
vesicles made by the cell fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.
What is this an image of?
Endocytosis
What is this an image of?
Exocytosis
Note
Flashcard