Studied by 20 peopleWorld History
Exploration & Colonization
AP World History: Modern
Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections
Cram Chart Early Modern
Spanish racial hierarchy
Casta
Built off the European belief called Social Darwinism
Slavery, child labor, and indentured servants are all know as…?
Coerced labor (forced labor)
African Slave Trade
Most of the world’s slaves were from where, and why?
West Africa Because they were
Not united
Easy to get to (follow the coast)
Skilled and good workers
No penalty
The trip enslaved people took across the Atlantic Ocean was called?
The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage
25% mortality rate
dysentery, suicides, and murders
most (60%) ended up in the Caribbean
Triangular Trade Route
Starts in Europe → goes to West Africa to pick up slaves → trip across the Atlantic (Middle Passage). Slaves gather raw materials → raw materials brought back to Europe to be turned into finished goods → with profit gained, back to West Africa they go to start process again
Social Darwinism
European belief that some people are stronger then others and that they will defeat those weaker.
European Nobility (2 Notions)
Absolutism and Divine right of Kings
Gave monarchs God-like powers
The Main Monarchy of Europe
Hapsburgs (Habsburgs)
Influenced Europe for centuries
Big monarchy
British Empire (England)
Huge empire
Social classes
Monarchy
Mercantilism
Anglican Church (Church of England)
Spanish Empire
Casta, racial ranking system
Monarchy
Mercantilism
Roman Catholic Church
French Empire
The Three Estates, classes of society
The clergy 2. The nobility 3. The commoners
Monarchy
Fur trade and slave trade
Mostly Catholic, some protestants. (tension)
Dutch Empire (The Netherlands)
Costal ports
Republic (unusual for the time)
Lots of trade, business people, Bankers
Spices
Protestant
Portuguese Empire
Class and race ranking
Monarchy
First to enslave Africans
Roman Catholic
Russian Empire
Very large, lots of land
Feudalism
Fur, metals, and agriculture trade
Mostly Orthodox Christianity
Ming China
Mandate of heaven (similar to divine right of kings)
Emperors/Dynasties
Zheng He, important trader
Qing China
Mughal Empire
Emperor
wealthy
violent
Islamic
Safavid Empire
Hierarchy
Theocracy, Shi’a Islam
Ottoman Empire
North Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe
Hierarchy
Theocracy, Sunni Islam
Trade, finished goods
Tokugawa shogunate (Empire)
Japan
Feudalism
Self isolated, traditional agriculture and culture
Columbian Exchange
Commodities from the east went to the west and from the west to the east.
Economically good
The Great Dying
Smallpox
Killed 95% of indigenous people
Part of the mixing and trading of goods was also the transfer of diseases
Population Growth
Increase in tech. and scientific advancements
New crops (Columbian Exchange)= more food = more people
Zheng He
Ming China
7 voyages, covered many places
Brought Chinese culture to the world
Cultural diffusion
Maps
Gave an advantage with travel, made it easier
Monsoon Trade Wind (Wind Patterns)
Able to use the wind for your advantage
Explore more efficiently
Caravels
A type of sail
Easier to use then other sails
Quick and cheaper travel
Renaissance
14th-15th century
The light after the dark tunnel
Living life to the fullest
Art, religion, music
Italy
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther and his 95 theses, nailing them on the church door
Protestant vs. Catholic
He brought literacy to the world
Utilized the printing press
Mercantilism
Only selling not buying
Europe benefited, colonies did not
Joint Stock Companies
Pooling of money towards a corporation with a profit if they do well
Silver Flow
First truly global exchange of a commodity
Created global economy
Silver inflation in China
Bad economic time
Lack of silver made price go up
Note
Flashcard