Medical MicroBio Ch. 5

• The theory that eukaryotic organisms evolved from prokaryotes

• A larger prokaryotic cell engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell, which underwent cell functions while engulfed and split into the organelles found in eukaryotes

• The outermost boundary of the cell that comes into contact with the environment

• Composed of polysaccharides; network of fibers

• Capsules

• Slimes

Provides structure and shape

• phospholipid bilayer

• Sterols to add stability

• selectively permeable

• Genetic center of the cell

• Stores DNA; synthesize of RNA

Parallel membranes with pores

Ribosomal RNA synthesis; ribosome construction

• Genetic information of the cell

• Composed of chromatin

Transport of materials; lipid synthesis

• Network without ribosomes

• For processing nutrients, synthesis and storage of lipids

• Contains ribosomes

• Package and transport proteins

• Packaging and modification of proteins prior to secretion

• Cisternae = flattened sacs

• Energy production

• powerhouse of the cell

Converts sunlight to chemical energy during photosynthesis

• Locomotor appendage containing microtubiles in a 9+2 arrangement

• Covered by extension of cell membrane

• 10x thicker than prokaryotic flagella and moves with wavelike motion

• Only found in eukaryotic cells

• Function in motility, feeding, and filtering

• 9+2 arrangement

Protein synthesis

• glycocalyx

  • capsules

  • slimes

• cell wall

• cell/cytoplasmic membrane

• cytoplasmic matrix

• nucleus

• organelles

• locomotor organelles

• ribosomes

• cytoskeleton

• nuclear envelope

• nucleolus

• chromosomes

• endoplasmic reticulum

• golgi complex

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

• flagella

• cilia

• microtubules

• microfilaments

• unicellular or colonial

• 100,000 species divided in two groups

  • macroscopic fungi

  • microscopic fungi

thick rigid cell wall

• composed of chitin or cellulos and glycan

• Morphology of microscopic fungi

• Long cells that make up filamentous fungi or molds

• Presents in different colors or textures due to spores

• Morphology of microscopic fungi

• Round ovoid shpe

• Produces asexually

• Has a cell wall and lacks movement

• Swelling on surface are buds that become separate cells

• Existing in either form, but not both at the same time

• Long filamentous fungi

• Have cottony, hairy, or velvety texture

• Decomposers

• Able to break down and live off dead organic matter

• Fungal infections

• Ex. atheletes foot

• Woven intertwining mass or hyphae

• Hyphae divided by walls

• Digest and absorb nutrients

Produce spores for reproduction

• Type of asexual spore

• Formed by successive cleavages within a saclike head (sporangium)

• Initially enclosed but released when ruptured

• Type of asexual spore

• free spore; not enclosed

• flat worms

  • cestodes

  • trematodes

• roundworms

flat, no definite body cavity; simple excretory and nervous systems

tape worms

flukes; flattened worms with sucking mouthparts

nematodes; round, have complete digestive tract, protective surface, spines, hook, but poorly developed excretory and NS