Information and organizations chapter 3 terms

An organized collection of data

is a group of programs that: o Manipulate the database o Provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs

represents a circuit that is either on or off

is made up of eight bits

A name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

A collection of related data fields

a collection of related records

bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases

a person, place, or thing for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

a characteristic of an entity

the specific value of an attribute

a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

what data should be collected? cost?

what data should be provided to which users and when?

how should data be arranged so that it makes sense?

where should data be physically located?

how long to store?

how can data be protected?

a diagram of data entities and their relationships

data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise

data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data

a simple but highly useful way to organize data into collections of two-dimensional tables called relations

range of allowable values for a data attribute

eliminating rows according to certain criteria

eliminating columns in a table

combining two or more tables

combining two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes

The process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, irrelevant records that reside in a database

Which involves the identification of “bad data” and its rejection at the time of data entry

Creating and implementing the right database system ensures that the database will support both business activities and goals

a special-purpose programming language for accessing and manipulating data stored in a relational database

a description of the entire database

A collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database

Allows the database’s creator to describe data and relationships that are to be contained in the schema

a detailed description of all the data used in the database

Can also include a description of data flows, information about the way records are organized, and the data-processing requirements

is a visual approach to developing database queries or requests

a specific language, provided with a DBMS

Allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports

skilled and trained IS professionals

o Works with users to define their data needs o Applies database programming languages to craft a set of databases to meet those needs o Tests and evaluates databases o Implements changes to improve their databases’ performance o Assures that data is secure from unauthorized access

a nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues

The database is stored on a service provider’s servers

o The database is accessed by the client over a network, typically the Internet o Database administration is handled by the service provider

o Volume o Velocity o Variety

o An integrated set of functions that defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified fit for use, stored, secured, and processed in such a way as to ensure that the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of the data meet the needs of the data users within an organization

o Defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for ensuring that data can be trusted and used by an entire organization

A policy-based approach to managing the flow of an enterprise’s data

a large database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise in support of management decision making

o Extract o Transform o Load

a subset of a data warehouse that is used by small- and mediumsized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making

takes a “store everything” approach to big data, saving all the data in its raw and unaltered form

o An open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets

o A data processing component (MapReduce) o A distributed file system (Hadoop Distributed File System, HDFS)

A database management system that stores the entire database in random access memory (RAM) o Provides access to data at rates much faster than storing data on some form of secondary storage o Enables the analysis of big data and other challenging data-processing applications o Performs best on multiple multicore CPUs