urinary system

oval w medial indeption; L is slightly larger and higher than R; retroperitoneal (to the back)

fat

dropping of kidney due to low levels of fat

medial concave notch (renal artery, renal vein, ureter)

outer

inner

28 cm; 3 layers: mucous, muscular, fibrous

peristalsis propels urine to urinary bladder

behind symphysis pubis

smooth muscle (detrusor)

transitional epithelium (rugae for distension)

2 for ureters (posterior) 1 for urethra

reservoir for urine; expels urine

urination; relax ext. sphincter and contract detrusor; 250 mL = distention and desire to void; incontinence (involuntary)

triangular wedges

face hilum ( pt of pyramid)

cortex dips between pyramids

papilla deliver waste (cup)

joining of calyces to form collection reservoir; narrow to form ureter

1200 mL

AB aorta-renal artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-interlobular artery-afferent arteriole-capillaries (glomerulus)-efferent arteriole-peritubular capillaries-venules-interlobular vein-arcuate vein-interlobar vein-renal vein-inferior vena cava

3 cm; posterior to symphysis pubis and anterior to vagina

20 cm; passes thru prostrate gland and penis

2 layers of epithelial cells (parietal = simple squamous and visceral = filtration slits

network of capillaries

microvilli to increase surface area (cortex)

descends, turns, ascends (thicker wall)

J- loop of henle dips into medulla

C- stays in cortex

thick walls

collecting duct to pyramid to papilla to calyx

passive and active transport

water, electrolytes, and nutrients into proximal tube (thin walls)

thin walls; water and urea

thick walls

thick walls; impermeable to water

secreted by post pituitary; more permeable in water

dark in color

light in color

K, H, NH3, Na

process blood plasma and excrete urine; excrete urea; regulate Na, K, Cl

water and solutes from plasma across glomerulus/bowman’s capsule

molecules move out of nephron and into the blood

out of blood and into nephron

physical process (renal corpuscle)

water and small molecules

kidney

skin

lungs

intestine

95% water

nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid)

electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, NI 14)

toxins

pigments, food, drugs

hormones

yellow pigment from dead red blood cells

renal calculi

high levels of uric acid

artificial kidney

sugar/glucose in urine

blood in urine

uncontrolled urination

difficult/painful urination

pus in urine

lots of urine

scant, small amounts of urine

absence of urine

retaining urine in urinary bladder, kidneys work; detrusor doesn’t

no production of urine, renal failure