GCSE OCR Physical Education- Paper 2

Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability and Social-economic groups

The direction in which something is developing or changing

1. Promoting the benefits of being active

2. Tackling deep-rooted inequalities in sport

3. Investing in sport and physical activity

Uniting the movement

Department of culture, media and sport

It equips, educates and empowers young people to enjoy the benefits of sport

ECB- England and Wales Cricket board

And British Equestrian

ICC- International cricket committee

and FEI

• Flexibility and strength decreasing with age

• Overall level of fitness (including tidal volume and stroke volume) decrease

• Injuries and illness more likely

• male dominated culture within sport

• Lack of self confidence and self esteem

• Lack of media exposure and funding

• lack of funding and accessibility

• Lack of media exposure and role models

• Physical health deteriorating

• Wealth of the country

• Religious belief

• Lack of role models

• Excessive pressure from parents

• Lack of money to afford sport

• Lack of promotion and education of sport

Promotion, provision and access

Advertisements such as ‘this girl can’ and media exposure

Money coming from the national lottery, and distributed by UK Sport and Sport England

We can provide suitable facilities, coaching sessions and clubs for under-represented social groups

• Adjusting facilities to make them accessible for disabled people

• Subsidising sessions for lower income families

• Sessions specific for that social group

• Encouraging a timetable of varies activities

A government department responsible for government policies related to sport

An agency under government direction providing support for elite sports people. It distributes government funds, provides ethical standards of behaviour and oversees the work of sports councils

An organisation to provide elite sports people with the appropriate facilities and support.

A sport agency responsible for the development of youth sport, and encouraging a healthy, active life style.

The influence of commerce, trade or an industry to make a profit.

The process of attempting to gain money from an activity

Sponsorship, sport and media

Television, Newspapers, Social media, internet and radio

Event time changes, rule changes, sponsorship and technological innovation

Presents inspiring and positive role models, gives people a sense of belonging and generates revenue and investment in sport.

Can intrude on athlete’s privacy, sometimes showcases negative values and can undermine official’s decisions

Allows athletes to have sport as their full time jobs and can lead to additional roles within sport post retirement.

Can result in deviance as a result of pressure to succeed, and usually favours male over female and able bodied over disabled.

Enhanced viewing experience due to investment in technology, and watching at home is cheaper than watching games live.

TV breaks and advertisements can disrupt the viewing experience, and can pull fans away from watching live.

Can cover the cost of coaching and player development, as well as the cost of running the event itself, including venue hire and cost of officials

Sponsors can exploits and manipulate the performers, teams and events, and minority sports struggling to attract sponsorship

Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Diving in football to gain a penalty

Shacking opponents hands after a game

Taking performance enhancing drugs

Prepared to win at all costs, pressure to succeed and to ensure a level playing field if others are taking drugs

The hormone testosterone

Quicker recovery, ability to train harder and longer, muscular hypertrophy and increased aggression

Hypertension, increased aggression and liver and kidney damage

Any sport that requires power, e.g weightlifting or long jumping

Increased alertness, masks fatigue and decreases reaction time

Risk of heartfailure, hypertension and stroke, and is additive.

Any sport which requires a explosiveness, for example sprinters or boxers

Reduces heart rate and blood pressure, keeps hands steady and reduces the effect of adrenaline.

Nausea, drowsiness and fatigue, head aches and low blood pressure

Any sport which requires a steady hand and fine motor control, for example archery and shooting

Frustration of official’s decision, player being over emotional and players being over competitive.

Pauli Di Canio, who shoved the referee over.

PEAFC

Pre-determined, efficiency, aesthetics, fluent and coordiation

A skill performed having already been planned

The ability to perform a task without wasted energy

A skill that looks good

The ability to perform a skill at the same level each time

The ability to remain in control of the rate and timing of a skill

Environmental and difficulty

A measure of how simple or complex a skill is

A skill that is affected by the sporting environment. The performer must make decisions in response to their surroundings

A skill that involves less decision making because it has a predictable environment

It has an emphasis on motivation and discipline, it ensures progress, and it can increases focus and effort.

Performance goals and outcome goals

The performance or technique of the activity

The end result

SMART

Specific, Measurable, achievable, recorded and timed

The requirement for a target to target a specific aspect of performance.

The requirement for a target to be measured or compared

The requirement for a target to be challenging but reachable

The requirement for a target to be recorded so that they have clarity and are set.

The requirement for a target to be on a time-scale.

Reduces anxiety, can improve confidence and can help make a course or pitch more familiar

Imagery, mental rehearsal, selective attention and positive thinking

The athlete imagining themself performing the activity, focussing on the feel and the environment

The athletes imagining themselves succeeding in the activity, picturing exactly how they would do that.

Imagery is about FEEL whereas mental rehearsal is about OUTCOME

The removal of any distraction by focussing on a particular object in the environment.

The use of positive inner thought to help refocus the athlete and reduce anxiety.

the information given to someone to help them develop a skill to improve and to optimise their performance.

Guidance is usually given at the start whilst feedback is usually given at the end

Visual guidance, verbal guidance, manual guidance and mechanical guidance

Demonstration, and observation of technique from images or videos

Provides learner with a mental image, draws attention to key points and good for simple skills where less information is needed

Can demotivate learner if skill is too complex, can be an overload of information, and must be accurate or technique will be incorrect.

Feedback can be given immediately, tactics can be explained and gives technical information effectively

Requires a basic understanding of terminology, can be an overload of information and learners may loose concentration

A hands-on approach to ensure safety

Builds confidence, eliminated dangers and gives early feel for whole skill

May be uncomfortable, interferes with kinaesthetic awareness and learners may become dependent on support

The use of equipment to help support the learner whilst practicing a skill

Promotes confidence and helps to eliminate danger

Learners can become dependent on equipment for support and feel may be different as a result of the equipment.

Intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

Information received by the athlete as a direct result of producing a movement through the kinaesthetic sense.

Feedback that comes from external sources

Motivating

As they like to ‘prove’ people wrong