Studied by 281 peopleCharacteristics of Ragtime
Syncopated rhythm against regular beat
Derived from the clapping Juba
Composer of Ragtime
Scott Joplin
Characteristics of Impressionism
Music describes a mood or feeling of the atmosphere
Composers of Impressionism
Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel
Characteristics of Serialism
12-tonal system used for compositions, atonal sound
Composers of Serialism
Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Igor Stravinsky
Characteristics of Primitivism
elevation of rhythm by shifting patterns and accents
Composers of Primitivism
Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, Dmitri Shostakovich, Alban Berg
Characteristics of Expressionism
Represented real objects in distorted ways
Composers of Expressionism
Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg
Characteristics of Avant-Garde
innovative and daring music, new with unique or original elements
Composers of Avant-Garde
Erik Satie, John Cage
Characteristics of Minimalism
repetitive patterns, constant harmony, reuse of phrases
Composer of Minimalism
Philip Glass
Atonal Music
music without a tonal center or key
Polytonality
a piece with two or more keys being used at the same time
Sprechstimme
cross between speaking and singing
Indeterminacy
chance music
Gustav Mahler
leading Austro-German composer of symphonies after Brahms and Bruckner
Claude Debussy country of origin
France
Bolero
An “orchestral rumination on a single idea varied by changes of instrumentation and a gradual crescendo.”
Maurice Ravel country of origin
France
Bela Bartok country of origin
Austro-Hungarian Empire
What kind of music was Bela Bartok known for writing?
Eastern European Folk Music
Who wrote the orchestral suite “The Planets”?
Gustav Holst
What is Arnold Schoenberg best known for?
12-tone method; serialism; dodecaphony
Who were the three notable composers of the Second Viennese School?
Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern
Who taught Alban Berg composition?
Arnold Schoenberg
What was notable about Berg’s work “Wozzeck”?
Most successful atonal work of the 20th century
Who did Anton Webern study composition with?
Arnold Schoenberg
Igor Stravinsky country of origin
Russia
What were Stravinsky’s most famous ballet works?
“The Firebird” & “Petrushka”
What style is “The Rite of Spring” written in?
Primitivism
What was different about George Gershwin’s music from other jazz composers?
It was influenced by classical composition techniques
George Gershwin major works
“Rhapsody in Blue”, “Porgy and Bess”, “Preludes for Piano”
Who were the composers of Les Six?
Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc, Germaine Tailleferre, Georges Auric
What were the values of Les Six?
They believe in Neo-Classism
Wanted to move away from Debussy and Impressionism
Paul Hindemith country of origin
Germany
What is notable about Carl Orff?
Developed a teaching philosophy used in schools
Who composed “Carmina Burana”?
Carl Orff
Aaron Copland major works
“Appalachian Spring”, “Billy the Kid”, “Rodeo”, “Of Mice and Men”
What should be known about Aaron Copland?
Most important and central American composer of his generation
William Grant Still country of origin
United States
What boundaries did William Grant Still break in his lifetime?
First African American to conduct a major symphony orchestra
First African American to have opera produced by a major company in the U.S.
What is important about the “Afro-American Symphony”?
Used sonata form, first theme is in a 12 bar blues structure, utilized many African American traditions throughout the piece
What major musical did Leonard Bernstein write?
West Side Story
Olivier Messiaen country of origin
France
Who composed “Quartet for the End of Time”?
Olivier Messiaen
What is the instrumentation of “Quartet for the End of Time?”
violin, clarinet, cello, piano
What is the story behind “Quartet for the End of Time?”
he and three friends performed under the most trying circumstances—using dilapidated instruments, including a three-stringed cello—and won the hearts of five thousand hardened soldiers
Who notated birdsong?
Olivier Messiaen
John Cage country of origin
United States
What is a “prepared piano”?
John Cage would place various objects between piano strings
What is Music of Changes?
Piano book titled “I-Ching” which had charted possible sounds, silences, dynamics, durations, and tempos
What is Indeterminacy?
the ability of a piece to be performed in substantially different ways; Chance music
What is important about John Cage’s 4’33”?
His most famous work, performers sit silently for specified amount of time
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