Studied by 237 peopleWhat are the 3 types of senses?
Chemical, Vision and Ear (remember using VEC, almost like Rec in recording)
what are the 2 types of chemical senses?
Taste and Smell. (They are categorized under chemical senses cuz they need chemo-receptors)
What SPECIFIC type of chemoreceptor does the sense taste use?
Gustatory Receptors (Remember using GT almost like GTA where G is for gustatory and T for taste)
____ dissolve in saliva and bind with receptors and depolarize
Tastants
Salty triggered by ___ ions
Na+ (salty banana analogy)
Sour triggered by ___ ions
H+ in acids (think of lemon, it is sour and it has acids)
Sweet triggered by ____ ions
glucose (sweet makes you fat and fat is nothing but glucose)
Bitter triggered by ____ tastants
bitter (straightforward)
Umami (savory) triggered by ____
glutmate
The three types of taste buds
Fungiform papillae, Circumvallate papillae and Foliate papillae (just remember it's fungi, circle and foil)
what are Fungiform papillae?
small, on entire surface of tongue (remember using: fugi = mushroom and they are small and everywhere)
what are Circumvallate papillae?
Inverted “v” near back of tongue (Remember using: It has V in it indicating it is V shape)
what are Foliate papillae?
Located in the the corners of tongue (think of foil wrap, they are around the food, so foliate is in the corners)
What are the 5 types of taste?
Sweet
Salty
Umami (savory)
Sour
Bitter (Remember using BUSSS, (yes it has 3 s))
first step in transmitting taste
Substances dissolved in saliva enter the taste pore
second step in transmitting taste
Substances become attached to chemoreceptor molecules on the cell membrane
third step in transmitting taste
There is a change in membrane permeability
fourth step in transmitting taste
There is depolarization of the taste cells
last step (fifth) in transmitting taste
The information is sent via the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves to the brainstem, thalamus, and gustatory cortex in the cerebral cortex at the frontal and temporal lobes.
The ____ of food affects taste
temperature
You cannot taste with a ____ mouth
dry
Taste is strongly influenced by ____ sensations
olfactory
PART II (need to know for quiz tmrw too)
yay! Half way done, guys
What SPECIFIC type of chemoreceptor does the sense SMELL use?
Olfactory Receptors (Remember using OS like operating system or ios)
____depolarizes neuron
Odorant binding to G protein (smell = odor so it's odorant)
8 types of olfactory receptors
Fruity (all non-citrus)
Citrus (lemon, orange)
Fragrant (flowers, perfumes)
Woody & Resinous (pine, grass)
Chemical (ammonia, bleach)
Sweet
Minty (peppermint)
Pungent (blue cheese, decay)
Remember using: W (like w for wow thing) SPM (kinda like spam messages) CF and CF (kinda like spamming CF CF) so acronym is W-SPM-CF-CF.
first step in transmitting SMELL
An odor-producing molecule becomes bound to a receptor
Second step in transmitting SMELL
The cilia of the olfactory neurons depolarize
Third step in transmitting SMELL
Action potentials are initiated in the olfactory neurons
Fourth step in transmitting SMELL
The signal is sent to the olfactory tract via the olfactory bulb
Fifth step in transmitting SMELL
The nerve fibers of the olfactory tract take the information to the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain.
True or False Olfaction is the only major sensation that is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without first going to the thalamus
True
What is Anosmia?
absence of the sense of smell
Anosmia is caused by
Trauma
Colds or allergies producing excessive mucus
Polyps causing blockage
1/3 are from zinc deficiency
_____ is the absence of the sense of smell and is a symptom of COVID.
Anosmia
Note
Flashcard