SOC220 Final

Being able to see the [environmental] context which shapes your individual decision making as well as the decisions made by others.

Expresses a judgement on what ought to be changed.

Pertains to what we observe.

The process by which the researchers identify key concepts used in the research and provide a unified explanation of those concepts.

Turns abstract concepts into measurable observations.

It is institutionalize and bureaucratic. Someone is elected into this position

Culturally transmitted and non institutional. One is usually born into this type of authority.

Domination on an individual level. Not easily routinized. Many can look to someone as a leader but they are not a leader by definition.

Class (base) → Ideas/culture/institutions (superstructure)

Ideas/culture → class/institutions

Material relations → social relations

Social relations → Material relations

Capitalism emerged from the necessary historical processes deriving from the emergence of the bourgeoisie from feudal status-based systems

Capitalism emerged from the Protestant/Calvinist idea of pre-destination and its resultant behaviors

any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which can then be ... performed again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort

Leads to the formation of institutions

The process of developing or transforming rules and procedures that influence a set of human interactions.

No.

Mental shortcuts or simple rules that people use to make efficient judgments or decisions

A tool kit

Fast, automatic, intuitive thinking. Very emotional and demonstrates no self control.

Rational thinking that is slow effortful and analytical. Demonstrates some self control.

Culture → Values → Action

Models, practices, discourses, frames, repetoris

prototypes, images, roles, associations, representations

The decline of religious beliefs and practices in modern societies.

Protests, posting on social media, political campaigns. Anything that encourages activism.

Resources, messaging, timing

Social movements, riots, rumors, revolutions, etc. are all just collective behavior. Movements are the result of a strain and assumption and inevitability.

Movements have variable levels of leadership experience, money, human/social capital. This helps explain variation in movement outcomes. Accounts for the professionalization of movements.

Emotion, image, and framing matter

Establishing connections with other organizations and those in positions of power.

External and internal conditions

arrays of contentious performances that are currently known and available within some set of political actors

Consist of regular relations among governments, established political actors, and challengers, and are perceived and acted upon by outside political actors including other governments.

Include aspects of a regime that offer challengers both openings to advance their claims and threats and constraints thar caution them against making these claims.

means the extent to which governmental action affects the character and distribution of population, activity, and resources within the government's territory.

People have influence over the government's decisions.

The most diverse knowledge authority landscape in hundreds of years that "evens the playing ground" for sciences (gives it competition).

question, hypothesis, method, results, conclusion, peer review, replication, consenus.

Defines logics of modern society, concerned with efficiency, reason, and personal benefit, and is the distilling of traditions, values, and morals into enduring structural forms and institutions

Any kind of science you can imagine including liberal science and conservative science.

Science is on an unalterable path to epistemological dominance in modern tims and -- as it improves technology and lives-- will only be increasingly accepted by people over time

Science's dominance will lead to cultural backlash and decreasing trust over time due to the negative consequences of modernity including industrialization, technocratic authority, and an inability to maintain credibility in the contemporary media space.

trust in science should increase with higher levels of education and scientific knowledge.

Theoretical framework that explains macro-level straitifcation through the individual-level internalization of cultural beliefs about identities and abilities.

Including gender, race, age, ethnicity, education, beauty, motherhood, fatherhood, etc

Non-conscious anticipations for the quality of future performances

Evaluations, influence, choices for leadership, perceived good ideas and leadership, judgments of task and skill.

the tendency of partisans to distrust or dislike members of the 'other' party

the divergence of ideological opinions and beliefs among partisans

POST MIDTERM

the act of repeating an offense/relapsing into criminal behavior

a mark of disgrace associate with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.

The stigmas faced by black people in America.

W.E.B. DuBois's term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in the United States... They have to appear "white" to their white peers while simultaneously acting differently with others.

the relationship between cause and effect

Discovered racial bias and incarceration stigma when applying to jobs.

All assets owned by an individual or family minus outstanding debts. Wealth can be accumulated over a lifetime or generations

Any money received on a regular basis from work or investments

r > g (r= amount of money you can make on your wealth, g= money made from income).

people who make between $43,350 and 130,000 per year

people who make $12,880 or below; their household income is under 26,500 for a family of 4

Explanations that deal with those "demanding" labor (managers, corporations, employers) which ultimately lead to discrimination and bias from these entities towards women.

explanation that deal with the "supply of labor: (those seeking employment). Meaning it is a women's fault for where they are because of career choice, demographic characteristics, etc.

Socialization teaches children gender stereotypes from young and what they can and cannot do,

They can influence career choices through attitudes, values, and expectations

Discourages people from pursuing jobs in opposite sex dominated fields. (Women will be discouraged from leadership, men will not be because of gender bias).

multiple ways to discriminate against people. (Being black and trans, for example.)

Erving Goffman's term for the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance.

Your professional self that is controlled by social norms

more private area of our lives, when act is over. You can be yourself.

Meanings they assign to people or things

social interactions with one another.

It is a symbolic interactionalist perspective that describes quantitative measures to cultural concepts with include evaluation (good vs bad), potency (powerfulness vs powerlessness), and activity (liveliness vs torpidity).

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

a theory that explains ecological differences in levels of crime based on structural and cultural factors shaping the nature of the social order across communities.

It is triggered by the weakened social integration of neighborhoods because of the absence of self-regulatory mechanisms, which in turn, are due to the impact of structural factors on social interactions or the presence of delinquent subcultures.

White people are portrayed in a much better light than indigenous people. Use of words like "Numerous" vs "Rare" and "Substance abuse" versus "Addicts"

the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others. "Birds of a feather flock together"

an environment in which a person encounters only beliefs or opinions that coincide with their own, so that their existing views are reinforced and alternative ideas are not considered. CNN, Fox News, Breitbart, for example

More polarized political system leads to more criticism of the news which leads to less media trust.

High levels of trust

It is personality centered, reactive, ideologically selective, engaging, has internal intertextuality.

On the political right.

-What, if anything, should be done about outrage media?

-Name one way stigma has someone getting a job

- can’t think of any right now, will update in the future

The three types of domination present in society: charismatic domination, traditional domination, and legal domination

They argue that the development of human societies is driven by the struggle between classes, and this struggle is based on economic relations.

They suggest individuals and groups use language, symbols, and shared meanings to create and maintain their social world, and this construction is constantly changing. They also argue that religion, law, and education play a role.

Argues that culture is not a fixed set of beliefs but rather a set of resources that individuals draw upon in their everyday lives.

Argues that both processes (person riding the elephant and the elephant) are important for understanding how culture operates in action, and that they interact with each other in complex ways.

Cultural stability varies depending on cultural domain, with some domains showing greater stability than others.

A report on the religious landscape in the US. Findings include that 30% of adults identify as atheist, agnostic, or none. It also explores why some choose to leave organized religion.

Younger generations are less religious, and Christians today are adopting more secular attitudes and beliefs. This article highlights the shifting religion landscape in the US.

Argues that social movements are a form of contentious politics, where individuals and groups use disruptive tactics to make demands, and the emergence of new political identities and alliances. Also explores dynamics of social movements and how they shape political outcomes (ex: BLM and legislature related with it)

Argues that the repertoires are a set of collective tactics that are available to social movements and poltical tactics. Examples include protests, petitions, and lobbying as well as violence, terrorism, and sabotage.

Provides an analysis about the conservative movement, like what shaped the movement, think tanks, media outlets, and political action committees. They argue the conservative movement has been successful in building a mass network.

Examines the organization structures/influence of the climate change counter-movement. Finds that the climate change counter-movement is a tightly knit network of individuals/organizations that work together to promote their views and block action on climate change.