US History EOC Florida Flashcards

based on steel, railroads, electricity, oil-based products

No government intervention in business.

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years

Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west

A mostly flat and grassy region of western North America

areas of federal land set aside for American Indians

1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.

time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically

third party political movement to address farmers' plight

Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives" exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Yellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine.

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the US. US became a World Power

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

First United States law to limit trusts and big business. Said that any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal.

law passed to regulate (by the government) railroad and other interstate businesses.

Also known as the "Bull Moose Party," this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912.

Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific.

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

Supreme court case that ruled that separate-but-equal facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution.

believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediatly; founded the NAACP

1. A system of alliances divide Europe into two parts 2. Nationalism was very prevalent in the countries of Europe 3. Militarism or reliance on military strength 4. Imperialism and the conquering of countries in Asia, South America, and Africa 5. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by the Black Hand

-1915: Lusitania sunk by Germans (killed 125 Americans) -President Wilson sent ultimatum to Germans (you don't change your ways with subs, we're your enemies) -Germans did change, but reverted back to their ways in 1917 -Zimmerman telegram (created by Germans to provoke a war between Mexico and US to distract them) in 1917 was the trigger, then US declared war on Germany

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government

Nurses, cooked meals for soldiers, work in factories, made clothes for soldiers, and made hospital supplies

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals" incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.

19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society.

Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. Revived in the 1920s

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa

Nickname for the 1920s becasue of the booming economy and fast pace of life during that era

After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolationism. The US economy "boomed"; but Europe continued to struggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: World War II

A style of dance music popular in the 1920s

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s.

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

Higher US tariffs, Overproduction of food, buying on margin, market speculation, stock market crash, bank failures

Great Depression begins/Stock Market Crash

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money

the president who was in office when the depression started. He believed that if the government got involved it would only make the depression worse.

Established the civilian conservation Corps, which employed more than 175,000 men to plant trees, make paths and roads in national parks and forests, build dams to control flooding, and perform other activities to protect natural resources.

A plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression.

Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting

A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, invaded Rhineland, Austria and Czechoslovakia. led during WWII and instituted the final solution (holocaust)

British policy that granted Hitler everything he could reasonably want (and more) in order to avoid war.

Law passed after the fall of Britain during WWII; allowed the U.S. to loan munitions to Allies in WWII; kept U.S. boys at home

7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor

Backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort

Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

bomb dropped by an American bomber on Hiroshima and Nagasaki destroying both cities

nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman

Succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon his death. Led the country through the last few months of World War II, and made the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan

The final wartime meeting of Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

a competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union

Sputnik launched; starts the Space Race

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin.

..., The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

30 million war babies were born between 1942 and 1950.

working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs

U.S. region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II.

Areas of living outside the cities where middle-class families went to live to escape the city

Abolished Slavery

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

This act prohibited Discrimination because of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin by employers or labor unions

ended literacy tests and poll taxes; allowed officers to register voters

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement

1929-1968. Pivotal leader of the American Civil Rights movement. Non-violent leader, became youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, helped found Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and led March on Washington in 1963 where he delivered "I have a Dream" speech.

held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally

A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.