Maritime Networks

sea-based trade routes

a tool that measures position and angle of planets to find location; invented by Greeks but improved by Muslims

how to navigate in “circular trade winds”; Portuguese used it well

Factors that make the Indian Ocean great

season of winds; Indian Ocean had the best, winds as a “boost” to ships, changed during the seasons

Important locations on Indian Ocean coast

Portuguese, Navigation Education & Sponsorship in 1400s

Portuguese, Salis to Brazil in 1500

Italian but sailed for Spain, explored Carribean, 1492

Portuguese; Sailed around Africa to India; 1497

Portuguese but sailed for Spain; Circumnavigated the Globe, 1522

Spanish, conquered the Aztecs in 1519

Spanish; Conquered Incas in 1531

Three reasons/justifications for the Age of Exploration

economic concept that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world; must “take” wealth

Spain was focused on ___ while Portugal was focused on ___

what “Ming” technically means

Return of ethnic (Han); Chinese rule to China, return of Chinese & Confucian ideas to the throne; Getting rid of Mongol Influence

Middle Kingdom; above earth but below Heaven

right to rule comes from heaven and can be lost if leaders are not virtuous

the pattern of rises and falls of Chinese dynsaties; ended in 1912

Confucian values

An exam based on Confucian values that gave Chinese citizens the chance to “move up” social hierarchy

Portuguese ship in 15th century, sailed around Africa using a Lateen sail

big ocean vessel with 3-4 masts; used in Trade with Asia, Africa, and America; long voyage ship

Dutch cargo ship that has 2x the cargo with ½ the crew; by 1670 it was 50% of Euro Trade

Zhu Yuanzhang; Important Ming emperor, foundee of the Ming dynasty

The Hongwu Emperors claim to fame

The Hongwu Emperor moved the capital from the ___ to the ____

Hongwu Emperor/ Confucian values: ___ peasants and ____ merchants

“Lion king” situation; Uncle drives nephew out of throne

“Scar”; Zhu Di, emperor after Hongwu Emperor

the Yongle Emperor moves capital back to ___

Yongle Emperor’s major legacy

First group on Ming Social Hierarchy

second group on Ming Social Hierarchy

third group on Ming Social Hierarchy

last people on Ming Social Hierarchy

Yongle Emperor; walled off palace only for emperor that’s built according to Confucian values

not an emperor; Admiral of the Ming Fleet; appointed by Yongle Emperor; eunuch

“neutered” (no puberty); used as government officials because they weren’t expected to rebel

Because Zheng He was Muslim, he made sure to have voyages stop at..

Treasure ships used by Zheng He

Voyages in Ming Dynasty end because..

Chinese name for Giraffes because they were brought back on ship by Zheng He as a gift to the emperor; shows China’s greatness

the form for conducting trade and relations with China

the dominated trade of silver throughout many countries and continents

the two countries that produced silver

Spanish-American mines

Japan silver mine

Positives of the Global Silver Trade

Negatives of the Global Silver Trade

Examples/evidence of Globalization & Cultural Diffusion in the Global Silver Trade

hub of Global Silver Trade

Why couldn’t Spain trade with China IN China?

High when Chinese demand is high; leads to inflation

Spain goes bankrupt because..

the increasing inter-connectedness & interdependence of the world’s societies, economies, and cultures

Unlike Spain, Japan didn’t fall because they..

the exchange of new crops, animals, diseases etc between the Americas and Afroeurasia; started due to European contact with the Americas

a two way agreement to work for a set amount of years to pay off debt

the transportation of African people, mainly to the Americas, to work as slaves.

grant of forced labor; used by Spanish to take control of Native Americas; Spanish crown granted encomiendas to explorers

A Major point made by the “Born with a Silver Spoon” document is that Europeans were basically..

The most important country in the Global Trade; the whole system would never have even exist without them

the passage of the forced voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas

this event in 1453 led to the growth of Maritime trade