Unit 5: Rocks and Minerals

gravel, sand, silt, clay

quartz and feldspar

silicates

color, crystal shape, luster, hardness, streak, fracture vs. cleavage

fluorescence, magnetism, reaction to acid, taste, feel

relating to, consisting of, or indicating fragments of rock erupted by a volcano.

the cooling of magma/lava into igneous rock

light materials found in crust

oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium

heavy materials found in core

rub a rock on a ceramic streak plate because all samples of a mineral type will reveal the same color

a type of igneous rock that forms when basaltic lava cools into ropy wrinkled cloth like masses because it was hotter than a’a

a type of igneous rock that forms when basaltic lava colls with a rough, broken surface because it wasn’t as hot as pahoehoe

how sediments are formed

how a mineral reflects surface like, usually as metallic or non metallic, but also as vitreous, pearly, greasy, silky, dull

a way that minerals form from a solution of water, often by evaporation of water

a way minerals form, as it cools atoms slow down and build solid minerals that then form rocks

a banded pattern, caused by extreme pressure squeezing the minerals into a parallel alignment

solid but has plasticity, upper and lower are between core and crust, has convection currents, primarily peridotite

85%

second step of making sedimentary rock, putting more material on top of it

when minerals break unevenly along rough or curved surfaces

a naturally-occurring solid object made up of one or more minerals (aggregate) and can also be made of non-mineral material like shells, small pieces of other older rocks, or a disorganized mass of elements

mineral that contains CO3 bonded to other elements, reacts to hydrochloric acid

type of rock that started out as a different type of rock but was exposed to high heat, high pressure, and/or hot mineral-rich fluids and changed, may have foliation

last step to make sedimentary rock, cementing it all together with minerals grown between the sediments

type of rock with layers and reacts with acid

tendency of a mineral to break along flat planes of weakness

scratchability or resistance to being scratched

a scale of 1 to 10 that minerals are ranked on by hardness

solid material made of rocks and minerals, as well as the remains of plants and animals that is moved and deposited in a new location

existing minerals will change deep in the earth at tectonic plates to form new minerals without melting

mineral with silicon and oxygen, 96% of all minerals

third step to make sedimentary rock, squeezing the pile of sediment under a lot of pressure

rocks that formed from magma that have intergrown individual mineral crystals OR glassy texture

minerals made up of a single element

mineral made up of two or more elements

foreign material, such as elemental additions, within a mineral's structure that are not part of its integral structure and are often responsible for color changes

liquid, second inner most layer, Fe + Ni alloy

14%

meteorites

thin, solid, brittle, outermost layer of earth, continental is least dense layer

granite, mostly SiO2

basalt, less SiO2

oceanic

solid, innermost layer of earth, extremely dense, primarily a Fe + Ni alloy

mineral made of oxygen and metal

first step to make sedimentary rock, putting the sediment down somewhere`

not consisting of or deriving from a living matter

things that cannot be broken down further

mineral that contains sulfur and metal

the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth

inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, oceanic/continental crust

continental

oceanic

mantle

outer core

inner core

oceanic and continental crust and upper mantle

lower mantle

solid, naturally occurring, inorganic, definite chemical composition, atoms arranged in orderly pattern

silicates, native elements, carbonates, oxides, sulfides

precipitation, magma, heat + pressure

deposition, burial, compaction, cementation

closer to surface

closer to core

fossils or foliation

foliation

bedding planes

thin layers of different rocks representing different deposited layers

heat and/or pressure

uplift

crust

mantle

crust, inner core, outer core, mantle

2.5

6.5

5.5