Chapters 10 & 11 Test

The scientist who developed a classification system for living things

The scientist who proposed species shared ancestors

The scientist who proposed all living things descended from a common ancestor

The scientist who proposed a theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

The scientist who proposed that Earth was very old, saying geologic change occurred gradually & at a constant rate

The scientist who published “Principles of Geology”

For a long time, people believed the Earth was only ____ years old

The place Darwin did his studies

Darwin discovered animals did this

Differences in physical traits, like those Darwin observed between animals in different locations

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

The process by which the environment influences evolution

An organism’s ability to survive

The 4 main factors necessary for natural selection

Natural selection acts on _______

4 pieces of evidence for evolution

The observation of similarities in embryos among animal species

Darwin found finches on Galapagos Islands ______ those found on the mainland, with a few adaptations

Features in different animals similar in structure but with different functions

Structures that perform similar functions but that aren’t similar in origin

Structures or organs seemingly lacking in function, left over from previous ancestors

Genes left over from ancestors that no longer function

Based on _____________, more closely related organisms have more similar DNA

Genetic variation stored in populations

The percentage of organisms in a population with a certain allele

2 sources of genetic variation

Random change in an organism’s DNA that can form new traits

A new allele combination showing up in offspring, most frequently happening during meiosis

Distribution of a trait resembling a bell curve

An observable change in allele frequency of a population over time

A shift in population’s phenotypic distribution. For instance, an extreme phenotype that was once rare is now common

The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common, decreasing genetic diversity

Both extreme phenotypes are favored, possibly leading to formation of new species

The movement of alleles between populations

Gene flow between populations keeps gene pools ______

A change in allele frequencies by chance

2 ways genetic drift occurs

Genetic drift occurring after an event that kills much of the population

Genetic drift occurring after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

Effects of genetic drift

The effect of traits increasing mating success

Populations that are not evolving

Conditions for populations that aren’t evolving

The rise of 2 or more species from one existing species`

Reasons for speciation

When members of the same species can no longer successfully mate

Differences in courtship or mating behavior stopping individuals of a species from mating

Geographic barriers preventing members of a species from mating

Timing preventing members of a species from mating

What makes one species split into 2?

Evolution when unrelated species become more similar

Evolution when related species begin to differ

2 or more species evolving in response to changes in the other

Elimination of a species from Earth

Bursts of evolutionary activity

Diversification of one species into many descendant species