Google Data Analytics Certification Glossary: Terms and Definitions

An organization whose primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations system

The horizontal line of a graph usually placed at the bottom, which is often used to represent time scales and discrete categories

The vertical line of a graph usually placed to the left, which is often used to represent frequencies and other numerical variables

A language that translates data to improve readability

The process of testing two variations of the same web page to determine which page is more successful at attracting user traffic and generating revenue

A reference within a function that is locked so that rows and columns won’t change if the function is copied

Features such as password protection, user permissions, and encryption that are used to protect a spreadsheet

The degree to which data conforms to the actual entity being measured or described

A question whose answers lead to change

Metadata that indicates the technical source of a digital asset

A visual property of an object in a plot

A list of scheduled appointments

The process of collecting or gathering many separate pieces into a whole

A process or set of rules followed for a specific task

Temporarily naming a table or column in a query to make it easier to read and write

Text that provides an alternative to non-text content, such as images and videos

Qualities and characteristics associated with using facts to solve problems

The process of identifying and defining a problem, then solving it by using data in an organized, step-by-step manner

Text that briefly explains data or helps focus the audience on a particular aspect of the data in a visualization

Four datasets that have nearly identical summary statistics but contain different plotted values

A data visualization that uses individual data points for a changing variable connected by a continuous line with a filled in area underneath

Information needed by a function in R in order to run

An operator used to perform basic math operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

A collection of values in spreadsheet cells

An operator used to assign values to variables and vectors

A characteristic or quality of data used to label a column in a table

Digitized audio storage usually in an MP3, AAC, or other compressed format

A spreadsheet function that returns an average of the values from a selected range

A spreadsheet function that returns the average of all cell values from a given range that meet a specified condition

A data source that is not reliable, original, comprehensive, current, and cited (ROCCC)

The design principle of creating aesthetic appeal and clarity in a data visualization by evenly distributing visual elements

A data visualization that uses size to contrast and compare two or more values

A conscious or subconscious preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing

Large, complex datasets typically involving long periods of time, which enable data analysts to address far-reaching business problems

A data type with only two possible values, usually true or false

Lines that can be added around two or more cells on a spreadsheet

A data visualization that displays the distribution of values along an x-axis

A data visualization that displays individual data points as bubbles, comparing numeric values by their relative size

A data visualization that displays data as a horizontal bar chart moving toward a desired value

A standard of measurement used to solve a business task

The question or problem data analysis resolves for a business

An object-oriented programming language used to create games and mobile apps in the .NET open source developer platform

An extension of the C programming language that is used to create console games, such as those for Xbox

A new field within a pivot table that carries out certain calculations based on the values of other fields

A branch of mathematics that involves the study of rates of change and the changes between values that are related by a function

A SQL statement that returns records that meet conditions by including an if/then statement in a query

A common way for employers to assess job skills and gain insight into how a candidate approaches common data-related challenges

A SQL function that converts data from one datatype to another

When an action directly leads to an outcome, such as a cause-effect relationship

A cell or a range of cells in a worksheet typically used in formulas and functions

A file containing a chronologically ordered list of modifications made to a project

A visual aspect or variable that represents characteristics of the data in a visualization

A graphical representation of data from a worksheet

A data visualization that shows comparative strength in data

Data that is complete, correct, and relevant to the problem being solved

A place to keep data online, rather than a computer hard drive

A collection of data points on a data visualization with similar values

A SQL function that returns non-null values in a list

A piece of code added in an R Markdown file that is used to process, visualize or analyze data

The process of writing instructions to a computer in the syntax of a specific programming language

A data visualization that uses individual data points for a changing variable, represented as vertical columns

A data visualization that combines more than one visualization type

How well two or more datasets are able to work together

The degree to which data contains all desired components or measures

The process of giving instructions to a computer in order to perform an action or set of actions

A SQL function that adds strings together to create new text strings that can be used as unique keys

A spreadsheet function that joins together two or more text strings

A spreadsheet tool that changes how cells appear when values meet specific conditions

A declaration that if a certain condition holds, then a certain event must take place

A range of values that conveys how likely a statistical estimate reflects the population

The probability that a sample size accurately reflects the greater population

The tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms pre-existing beliefs

The aspect of data ethics that presumes an individual’s right to know how and why their personal data will be used before agreeing to provide it

The degree to which data is repeatable from different points of entry or collection

The condition in which something exists or happens

Data that is measured and can have almost any numeric value

A SQL function that changes the unit of measurement of a value in data

A small file stored on a computer that contains information about its users

The measure of the degree to which two variables change in relationship to each other

A spreadsheet function that counts the number of cells within a range the meet a specified condition

A spreadsheet function that counts the total number of values within a specified range that meet specified criteria

A spreadsheet function that returns the number of cells within a range that match a specified value

A SQL function that only returns the distinct values in a specified range

An online archive with R packages, source code, manuals, and documentation

A SQL clause that adds a temporary table to a database that can be used by multiple people

A process that ensures certain conditions for multiple data fields are satisfied

A programming language used for web page design that controls graphic elements and page presentation

A delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values

The aspect of data ethics that presumes individuals should be aware of financial transactions resulting from the use of their personal data and the scale of those transactions

A tool that monitors live, incoming data

A collection of facts

The process of gathering data from multiple sources and combining it into a single, summarized collection

The collection, transformation, and organization of data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making

The six phases of ask, prepare, process, analyze, share, and act whose purpose is to gain insights that drive informed decision-making

Someone who collects, transforms, and organizes data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making

The science of data

The process of protecting people's private or sensitive data by eliminating identifying information

When a preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing systematically skews data analysis results in a certain direction

A Tableau method that combines data from multiple data sources

The process of combining the individual parts in a visualization and displaying them together as a whole