Chapter 7: Cultural Notes

• located in the eastern part of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.

• largest country in Asia

• third largest country in the world

• most populous country in the world

Famous Mountain Ranges in China

main peak of the Himalayas (8,848 meters); the roof of the world.

Longest river in China — a total length of 6,300 km and a basin area of 1.809 million square kilometers.

Second longest river — a total length of 5,464, km and a basin area of 752,000 square kilometers

Third longest river — the dividing line between the natural climate of the north and south of China.

Major Lakes in China

It is the most basic resource for human production and life.

Endemic Animals in China

Some of the Unique Plant Species in China

Boundaries between representative natural environmental zones and the natural habitats of rare animals drawn by the Chinese government

China’s national treasure

Four municipalities under the Central Government in China

Two special administrative regions of China

the capital of China; a famous historical and cultural ancient city

Ethnic group with the largest population in China.

Father of the Chinese Nation

A nationwide revolution that took place between 1911 and 1912 to overthrow the autocratic rule of the Qing Dynasty and establish a republican form of government.

• It is the most important traditional festival in China.

• It is also known as the New Year or Chinese New Year.

• Here the whole family is reunited. People eat rice cakes, dumplings, and a variety of hearty meals.

It is a traditional Chinese festival, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

Celebrated every year on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Activities include traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high to overlook, viewing chrysanthemums, eating cakes, and drinking.

The Chinese’s most important virtue

The story of an official who abandoned his position for his parents and has been passed down to this day.

The story of the emperor tasting the drink boiled for his mother, to know if it’s bitter or hot; his filial piety moved the hearts of the whole nation.

The story of a man doing everything for his parents to provide them healthy food to eat. However, they died; and made him decide to move on and become an official in Chu State. Here, he lived a prosperous life but often lamented that his parents died to early.

The myth that reflects the initial understanding of the origin and natural phenomenon of the ancient Chinese labor force.

The myth about a girl who died falling to the sea and died; which later on, she become a little bird. In order to prevent others from falling into the sea, she kept bringing branches and stones from the mountains and throwing them into the sea, trying to fill up the sea.

The myth about a legendary god who is good at archery. The emperor called him to rescue mankind from the suns in the sky.

The myth about a goddess from heaven; wherein she took advantage of her husband’s absence and drank all the elixir of immortality by herself - floating to and becoming all alone at the Moon Palace

A myth about a man who controlled the flood and saved mankind

The story of the iron pestle sharpening needle tells us that no matter what you do, as long as you persevere to the end, you will definitely succeed.

The story tells us that if you deliberately imitate others, you will only leave a bad impression on others and even become everyone's laughing stock.

This literature reveals the darkness and shield of the end of China's feudal society through the description of the changes in the families of seven feudal aristocrats, and reveals the historical fate of the feudal society that is bound to perish.

This literature describes the historical story from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, especially focuses on the struggle between the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, and provides a rich and colorful image of historical objects.

This literature truly reflects the darkness of feudal society in its unique art form, revealing the social reality of official coercion. The novel is based on the spoken language, showing a strong breath of life.

The novel is based on the story of the Tang Dynasty monk Xuanzang who took the scriptures, telling the story and shaping the image in a combination of divinity, humanity and materiality.

the written text that records the Chinese language and are one of the oldest scripts in the world.

This refers to the use of lines or strokes of writing to draw the physical characteristics of the object to be expressed.

smallest unit of composition for Chinese characters

the art of writing Chinese characters, and it is a unique plastic art formed in the process of the evolution and development of Chinese characters.

Used for Chinese calligraphy writing.

Color of the ink most commonly used for calligraphy

a white and soft paper, most commonly used for painting and calligraphy.

A tool used for grinding; Duanyan — the most famous example.

The art of calligraphy is the art of shaping beauty through the combination of dots and lines.

The reflection of the beauty of reality by the art of calligraphy is completed by the structure of dots, lines and glyphs. It is not as specific as painting to depict something.

The art of calligraphy is imbued with the thoughts and feelings of the calligrapher, reflects the character and taste of the author.

It is made of precious metals such as gold, silver and copper through various processes such as welding, blue burning, polishing, and gold plating, and at the same time introduces traditional painting and carving techniques, but it combines the essence of Chinese history, culture, art and other traditions.

The former uses scissors, after cutting, several pieces of paper are pasted, and then the pattern is processed with scissors; The latter is to fold the paper into several stacks, place it on a soft dong and slowly carve it with a knife.

A traditional leisure activity, the advantage of it is that it can be viewed from a close place and played from afar, and the whole body movement is conducive to nourishing and strengthening the body.

The invention and operation promoted the development of navigation and the exchange of economic globalization.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented _______ on the basis of summarizing the experience of his predecessors. He made fiber paper from bark, hemp heads, rags, old fish nets and other raw materials.

Ancient alchemists used saltpeter and sulfur, which had been mastered as early as the Han Dynasty, and invented this in the Tang Dynasty after a long period of alchemy practice.

Invented by Bi Sheng on the basis of woodblock printing. It is engraved with cement, one print per word, and made into a word print after burning.

This medicine takes the theory of yin and yang and the five elements as its foundation; looking, listening and smelling, inquiring, and palpating.

It is a purposeful observation of the patient's spirit, color, shape, and other aspects to determine the pathological changes of the internal organs.

_____ is to distinguish the patient's condition by changes in the tone, strength, and urgency of their speech and breath.

It is to understand the patient's condition through questioning.

The method by which a doctor uses their fingertips to touch, feel, press, and palpate a certain part of the patient's body to understand the patient's condition.

A famous doctor in the era of Emperor Yu and the ancestor of traditional Chinese medicine.

He invented the drunken surgery, improved the technique and efficacy of surgical treatment, and expanded the scope of surgical treatment.

He spent 27 years working hard and referring to more than 800 books, and finally wrote a new pharmaceutical magnum opus, "Compendium of Materia Medica."

• This book contains nearly 2,000 kinds of medicines, each of which explains its origin, shape, color, and function.

• It also contains more than a thousand drug diagrams and records of more than 10,000 medical prescriptions.

• Also known as the Forbidden City.

• The largest and most complete ancient building complex in the country.

• a traditional form of residential architecture in China.

• characterized by a regular appearance and symmetrical midline.

• also known as courtyards

It is mainly a garden for the emperor to rest and enjoy, and its characteristics are grand scale, there are many real mountains and real water, the buildings in the garden are rich in color, and the buildings in the garden are tall.

It is a garden for the leisure of wealthy families, which is characterized by a small scale, commonly used rockeries, fake water, small and exquisite buildings, and elegant colors.

• It was built by Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty with funds from the navy.

• It is composed of Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake, and a group of exquisite buildings surrounding the mountains and lakes, including the political activity area, the main living area.

The ______ in Wanshou Mountain is the symbol of the Summer Palace.

The palace-like complex centered on the was the ______place where Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her birthday.

Under Wanshou Mountain is _____, which has 273 houses and a 728-meter corridor, combining political activities, living and tourist areas.

It is a comprehensive performing art. It combines singing, reading, doing, fighting, and dancing, and uses procedural performance methods to narrate stories, portray characters, and express ideas.

He has led the Beijing Opera Troupe to perform in China, the United States and other countries for many times, and is an internationally renowned opera performing artist.

His representative works include "Yingtai Resists Marriage", "Dou E's Grievance" and other plays, which mostly show the tragic fate of women in feudal society.

His representative works include "Go to the Palace", "Zhaojun Go out of the Frontier" and so on.

a native of Hebei Province, is good at playing the innocent, lively and gentle woman, who is famous for her plays such as "Hong Niang" and "Hong Lou You".

a traditional Chinese folk art performance art. It originated from the rap and singing folk art in North China and flourished in the Ming Dynasty.

• a kind of examination system for selecting officials in ancient Chinese feudal society.

• it adopts the method of taking the imperial examinations according to the different departments.

education measure that the compulsory education of the Republic of China was extended from six years to nine years in 1968 (57 academic year)

China's entrance examination for higher education institutions, is one of the platforms for candidates to choose universities and enter university qualifications.

includes higher vocational schools, junior colleges, and bachelor's degrees.

• also known as kung fu

• a sport formed by the Chinese ethnic group during the historical changes of the Chinese people.

• a famous Buddhist temple in China.

• built by Northern Wei emperor in order to arrange for Indian monks to spread Buddhism.

• originally called "Sparrow", is a game played by four people together.

• a very popular in China, and its popularity involves all social strata and fields, and has entered thousands of households, becoming the most influential intellectual activity in the country.

• originated from the legend of a dragon from a river in Zhejiang; which is responsible for food problems.

• this dragon was killed; people regretted their actions and started to dance with it on the 16th day of he first lunar month.

Chinese used these dances during the Lantern Festival and other major events to hope for auspicious and peaceful life.

• Here, the first Peking Man skull was discovered, providing a solid foundation for the study of ancient humans.

• located in the south of China's Anhui Province

• divided into six parts: Hot Spring, Yungu, Songgu, Beihai, Yuping and Fishing Bridge.

• covers an area of 9,245 square kilometers, spanning several cities, autonomous prefectures and counties in the province.

• the largest and most complete giant panda habitat in the world.

• also home to endangered species such as red pandas and snow leopards.

this reserve mainly protects giant pandas and forest ecosystems.

This reserve mainly protects wildlife and alpine ecosystems.

This reserve mainly protects rare animals and the ecological environment.

• also known as Han Clothing

• the traditional clothing of the Han people.

• the representative clothing of Chinese men's dress.

a traditional Chinese women’s dress, which originates from the dress of the Qing Dynasty's clothing.

• It is also called Lu cuisine.

• These food pays attention to the use of soup.

• has a unique feature in cooking seafood

• It is also called Guangdong cuisine.

• dishes include "snake fat beef", "roast suckling pig" and "winter melon cup".

• uses a wide range of ingredients, a variety of colors, good at variation, and pays attention to freshness and tenderness.

• unique in terms of taste, especially in the use of spicy flavors, and the seasoning is flexible and changeable.

• chili pepper is the most common condiment

• pays attention to knife work and heat in terms of cooking methods.

• It is also called Huaiyang cuisine.

• It is characterized by its attention to firework, mellow taste, and preservation of its original taste, and is famous for cooking mountain and sea delicacies.

• pays attention to the breadth of ingredients selection and scientific nutrition preparation.