Cell division that produces reproductive cells (egg/sperm) in sexually reproducing organisms

Homologous chromosomes separate

sister chromatids separate

4 haploid daughter cells- all genetically different; produces sex cells

Heritable variations in a population

sex cells formed by meiosis

structure containing 4 chromatids when they combine that forms during prophase 1 of meiosis 1

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate; during anaphase 1 or 2

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere

A change in the chromosome structure, resulting in new gene combinations.

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis 1.

a combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents

Chromosomes that have the same structure and code for the same trait (1 from mom and 1 from dad)

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).

Somatic cells that have 2 chromosomes

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

A process in which cells duplicate for asexual reproduction

2- mitosis, 4- meiosis

46- mitosis, 23- meiosis

A mutation involving a piece of a chromosome that breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation.

mutation in which one part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

genetic makeup of an organism (ex: Bb)

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits (ex: Brown eyes)

Different forms of a gene (ex: blue and brown eyes)

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

Masked by the dominant trait; a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited

Father of genetics

Having two of the same alleles for a particular gene (ex: AA or aa)

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (ex: Aa)

diagram showing the possible gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

a cross in which only ONE characteristic is tracked

Cross or mating between organisms involving TWO pairs of traits

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.

A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a BLENDING of the traits. (ex: red + white = pink)

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed resulting in BOTH being shown. (ex: red + white = red/white spots)

Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes.

•genes can separate independently during the formation of gametes -If there are 2 different alleles of one gene on one chromosome, then each allele could end up in each daughter cell -inheritance of one trait has no effect on another

-2 alleles coding for the same trait separate or segregate during gamete formation -pass down 1 allele of each gene only

Genes located on the same chromosome