astro

78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% argon, 0.0035% CO2, 0.1-3% H2O

all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

the lower part of the thermosphere, where electrically charged particles called ions are found

The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere

The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.

Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere

Process by which, in a fluid being heated, the warmer part of the mass will rise and the cooler portions will sink.

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

-early atmosphere from volcanic activity (CO2, N2, CH4, NH3) -NO FREE O2!!!!! -secondary Earth cooled, torrential rains filled oceans, washed out CO2, teritary: Life happens producing O2, ozone forms, life on surface

A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side (transverse) can travel through solids

Type of body waves that are the fastest seismic waves, are longitudinal compression waves travel through solids and liquids

Heavy material sinks to the center of the planet and lighter material rises to the surface which implies that the planet MUSTVE been partially molten

The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.

the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move

the generation of a magnetic field by circulating electric charges

the area surrounding Earth that is influenced by Earth's magnetic field

regions of high-energy charged particles trapped within Earth's magnetosphere

moving electric charges

two high tides and two low tides

The moons pulls on the water on the side of the Earth closest to it more strongly than on the side opposite it. This pull creates a bulge of water

they slow earths rotation due to friction

the layer of the earth between the crust and the core

mercury

mercury

a natural satellite or atmosphere

light and dark areas

Maria(rich in iron) dark smooth, look like water

highlands: higher in elevation, mountainous rich in aluminum

cloud of dust, rock, gas, with slight rotation, Gravity contracts the cloud, conservation and momentum causes rotation to speed up. Contraction continues: the sun form, Planets form due to condensation and gravity

1 orbit= 1 rotation

2 siderals days because the eliptical orbit means rotation would speed up and slow down

Due to the explosive impact of interplanetary projectiles, known as meteors when in space and meteorites upon hitting the surface of a moon or planet.

no atmosphere so theres no erosion, and no protection from metorites

covered in dust and has craters

maria

narrow channel on the moon's surface carved out by lava

not as cratered, closer to the sun, no maria, very few riles, has scarps

Huge cliffs thought to have formed as the planet cooled and contracted

small iron core interaction with earths magnetic field, vs large iron core with a weak magnetic field

formed at the same time as a planet, (conformation), capture:wanders to close to the planet, fission: material is flung off while the planet was still molten, impact:mars sized object hit earth

when it passes between the earth and the sun

243 days

impact

Yes

thick, so only radio waves get through the clouds

8% mountains, 27% lowlands, 65% rolling plains, volcanoes, lava flow, craters

venus

a process in which the heating of a planet leads to an increase in its atmosphere's ability to retain heat and thus to further heating, causing extreme changes in the temperature of the surface and the composition of the atmosphere

it lacks oceans and is very thick

Venus because it's rotation is too slow

Mars

both frozen carbon dioxide and water ice.

composed of carbon dioxide which grows and shrinks as the season changes

permanently frozen water

volcanoes, canyons, dunes, mountains

higher elevation, heavily cratered lots of mountains

lower elevation, smoother volcanic plains

What is the deepest point on Mars?

large canyon on Mars.

largest volcano in solar system on Mars

carbon dioxide

thermosphere

Mars is cold so co2 is absorbed into the rocks and oceans

it has no liquid

mars does not have a magnetic field

Phobos and Deimos and captured asteroids