AP Statistics - Chapter 1: Exploring One Variable Data

SOCS

spread; state the highest and lowest value

outliers; state values that stand out

center; approximate mean

shape; symmetry or skewedness

mean = median

mean < median

negative skew

mean to the left of median

mean > median

positive skew

mean to the right of the median

plots each observation against the time at which it was measured

minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum

the distance between the first and third quartile

Q3 - Q1

Q1 - 1.5(IQR)

Q3 + 1.5(IQR)

if value is located 2 or more SD’s above or below the mean

average distance from the mean of all the values in a data set

SD = sqrt [ Σ ( x - μ )² / N ]

SD = sqrt [ Σ(x - x̄)² / (n - 1) ]

gives the number of cases falling into each category

gives the proportion of cases falling into each category

proportions

frequencies for categorical data

can take a countable number of values, could be finite or countably infinite

can take on infinitely many values but values cannot be counted no matter how small the interval there is, there is always a value in between

one main peak

two prominent peaks

height is the same

region between two values with on data observed

concentration of data separated by gaps

numerical summary of sample data

value that has p% of data less than or equal to it

how spread out scores are in a distribution

The degree to which data points differ from each other or from the mean value. It can be measured by calculating the variance or standard deviation of a dataset.

range, IQR, SD

This rule states that for a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.7% falls within three standard deviations.