Studied by 3 peopleDo worms have a full life inside humans?
No
What is it difficult for the immune system to do to worms?
Eradicate them
Where do nematodes live?
In the gut
What are the types of nematodes?
Large round worm, threadworm, hookworm and whipworm
What is threadworm symptoms?
Anal itching
What are large round worm symptoms?
Slows development, shortness of breath, coughing, malnutrition and blockage of intestines
What are hookworm symptoms?
Slows growth and development and anaemia
Whipworm symptoms
Usually asymptomatic but can have bloody diarrhoea
What is ascariasis?
When worms may escape from the anus, mouth, nose or ears
What is ascariasis most a problem in?
5-10 year olds
What causes the morbidity in ascariasis?
Migration of the larvae
What are the symptoms of a heavy infection of ascariasis?
Abdominal pain and malnutrition
What are the symptoms of a severe infection of ascariasis?
Blockage of intestines
Where do blood and tissue nematodes live?
In subcutaneous tissues and lymphatic vessels
What do adult nematodes discharge?
Larvae (microfilariae) which circulate in the blood
What are larvae ingested by?
Insects which develops into infected larvae
What are helminths?
Multicellular worms with differentiated organs with no circulatory track
What are nematodes?
Round worms, Cylindrical bodies and alimentary canal
What are cestodes?
Tape worms, Flat ribbon shaped
What don’t cestodes have?
A digestive track instead nutrients are absorbed through the cuticle
What are trematodes?
Flukes, leaf shaped, blind branched alimentary track
What is schistosomiasis?
Snail fever, caused by schistosoma and the main contamination route is through infected water
What can adult parasites of ascariasis do?
Migrate to other organs
What diseases can occur from blood and tissue nematodes?
Lymphatic filariosis, onchocerciasis and loiasis
What is lymphatic filariasis?
Causes enlargement of parts of the body
What is onchocerciasis?
Mucrofilariae enter internal tissues of the eye which causes inflammation and bleeding leading to blindness
What is loiasis?
Adult loa loa worm travels through subcutaneous tissues which causes inflammation in the skin and eye
What can tape worms be caused by?
Undercooked meat and fish
What are tape worms symptoms like?
Minor however if a secondary host this can harm the muscles and brain
How long do flukes live for?
Decades in tissue or blood vessels and can cause progressive damage to vital organs.
What do flukes use as inter host?
Snails
What can you get lung fluke from?
Eating infected crab and crayfish
What can you get liver fluke from?
Freshwater fish
What are schistosomiasis symptoms?
Rash or itchy skin, fever, chills, cough, muscle aches
What is the main damage of schistosomiasis from?
By eggs stuck in tissue and subsequent immune system response
What can organ damage by schistosomiasis be caused by?
Inflammation and scarring
What is helmet diagnosis for nematodes/cestodes?
Eggs or larvae in feral sample
What is the hemliths diagnosis for schistosomiasis?
Eggs in feral sample or urine
What is the the helmet diagnosis for tissue nematodes?
Adults in tissue
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