Unit 3 - Learning

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

repeated exposure to stimuli increases liking of them

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning and eventually become conditioned stimulus

NS+UCS = UCR --> repeat --> NS becomes CS --> CS causes CR without UCS

responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli (ex. salivating for both a bell and a tone)

learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

When one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response

occurs when CR does not follow a CS anymore so the CS is diminished

learned behavior recovers from a period of extinction

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened through reinforcement or diminished through punishment

Add reward to increase behavior (ex. give candy when you make a shot)

Taking away or stopping something to increase behavior (ex. stop the annoying beeping if you develop good habit of putting on seatbelt)

Adding undesirable stimulus to decrease behavior (ex. adding a slap if you lie)

Removal of a stimulus to decrease behavior (ex. taking away phone if late to class)

unpredictable

not based on performance

coupon for every $100 spent

gambling (most effective schedule of reinforcement)

paycheck

pop quizzes

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior (ex. give a treat when dog almost does a handshake)

responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it (ex. food must be placed in maze to show that rats know how to navigate the maze)

An internal representation of the spatial relationships between objects in an animal's surroundings

mental rearrangement of problem to achieve a sudden understanding of a solution

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

the perception that you control your own fate

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

based on performance

predictable

synaptic connections between neurons become stronger with frequent activation