Exp. 7: Water: Its properties and purification

_______ is one of the most abundant compound on Earth. It is essential in all living organisms and necessary to sustain life. Its chemical components that consists of 2 hyrdogen atoms and an oxygen atom covalently bonded together. Its unique physical properties, it can exists in three state of matter.

Water is known to be a universal solvent due to its ________ characteristics as a molecule.

A compound containing  water molecules

a compound does not contain water molecules.​

property of a crystal releases water when exposed to atmosphere with low vapor pressure, it becomes anhydrous.​ ex. Gauleber's salt (Na 2SO 4 ● 10 H 2O (s)

Gauleber's salt (Na 2SO 4 ● 10 H 2O (s) ) on watch glass for 5 mins. Reaction?

property of a crystal that absorbs water from the atmosphere with high vapor pressure, it becomes hydrated. ​ex. CaCl2

Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2), white powder, on watch glass for 5 mins. Reaction?

Heated blue vitriol CuSO 4 ● 5 H 2O (s) + heat -> CuSO 4 (s) + 5 H 2O (g) Reaction?

Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate CuSO 4 (s) + 5 H 2O (l) -> CuSO 4 ● 5 H 2O (s)Reaction?

Uses of water

_______ is the one that dissolves

______ is the one that does the dissolving

resulting for a less concentrated solution​

a reaction between two solutions forming a solid substance

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) (white) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) (egg yellow) on a dry test tube. Reaction?

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) + water. Reaction?

Mixed barium chloride (BaCl2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) on a dry test tube added with water after 5-10 mins.

BaCl2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq)  BaCrO4(s) --> 2 KCl(aq) Reaction?

Copper wire with 1 mL concentrated Nitric acid (HNO3).

4 HNO3(l) +Cu(s) -> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

Reaction?

Copper wire with 1 ml Nitric acid (HNO3) + 2 mL water.

8 HNO3(aq) +3 Cu(s) -> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NO(g) + 4 H2O(l)

Reaction?

a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water

Water + ferric chloride. Reaction?

Water + ferric chloride + heat (5mins). Reaction?

the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.

is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.

___________ is used as coagulants or flocculants  (forming large particles). It causes them to clump together so that they can settle out of the water or be easily trapped by a filter. ​

blue litmus paper turns _____ in an acidic solution

red litmus paper turns _____ in an basic solution

is a process of purifying a substance; or a miscible liquid with different boiling temperature; or soluble mixture.

Name that thing (No. 1)

Name that thing (No. 2)

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Name that thing (No. 7)

Hardness in water is due to the present of mineral salts of _______, ______, ________, and __________ of Ca 2+, Mg 2+,Fe +3

Distilled water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

Tap water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

Boiled Water (standard soap sol, detergent sol, observation)

Types of Hardness of Water

due to the presence of bicarbonate , HCO 3 – 1 & carbonate, CO 3 – 2 of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Fe +3 like calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and ferric carbonate can be removed by boiling or distillation.

due to the presence of chlorides, Cl – 1 and sulfates, SO 4 – 2 of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Fe +3 and can be removed by cation and anion exchange.

treated water, absence of minerals and removal of permanent hardness