bio final

all variables other than the independent variable are controlled or held constant so they don't influence the dependent variable

information that cannot be counted, measured or easily expressed using numbers

information that can be counted, measured or easily expressed using numbers

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

tiny particles that make up matter

the number of protons

a chemical element present only in minute amounts in a particular sample or environment.

iron, zinc, iodine, and c

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

the mass in an atom of an element

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron

the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus

a state where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction

the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

type of linkage formed between oppositely charged ions,

one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another, The atom that loses the electrons becomes positively charged; the atom that gains the electrons becomes negatively charged

occurs when atoms are shared unequally in a covalent bond.

occurs when atoms are shared equally in a covalent bond.

a low kind type of dipole-dipole bond that exists between an electronegative molecule and a hydrogen molecule bonded to another electronegative molecule

it can dissolve different kinds of solutes than any other liquid

he amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of any substance by 1°C

acidic

alkiline base

neutral

the presence of hydroponic ion relative to hydroxide

things that donate or accept hydrogen ions from solutions so they can help balance pH.

It can form four covalent bonds and has four electrons in the valance shell.

nylon, polyester, teflon, epoxy, silk, wool, DNA, cellulose, silicone, bakelite

a chemical reaction where water breaks bonds

the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released

CHO ratio of 1:2:1

solid at room temp, from animal sources

liquid at room temp, from plant sources

Chaperonins

a basic amino group (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid.

projects and scans a focused stream of electrons over a surface to create an image.

focus beam of electron through surface to focus on inside (non-living)

can veiw living or dead specimens, light limits detail of images, 400

Bacteria and Archaea

two organisms living together with one inside the other

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

The ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids determines the fluidity in the membrane at cold temperatures. Cholesterol functions as a buffer, preventing lower temperatures from inhibiting fluidity and preventing higher temperatures from increasing fluidity.

entropy

open

water

oxygen

glycolysis

Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. occurs in chloroplast

two identical daughter cells

four sex cells.

meiosis

Two X chromosomes are needed for a cat to have that distinctive tri-color coat.

they protect bacteria by cutting up infected DNA. We can use this to edit organisms genes