AP HUG Unit 5&7 Vocab

forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state

A language spoken in daily use with a literary tradition that is not widely distributed

Languages that are not being taught to children by their parents and are not being used actively in everyday matters

boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions. It can be a boundary between two different languages

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

A language that is written as well as spoken

Official languages are the language of the largest cultural group of a country. Each country can only have one official language. Official languages are used by the government for use in its daily business.

language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages.

an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state

a regional variation of a language that can be distinguished by its distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.

A system of communication through the use of speech

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and displays relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages

A language that is spoken in daily use but lacks literary tradition.

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

A language used by older people, but is not being transmitted to children

. A language used in education, work, mass media, and government

A collection of languages related by a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago, derived from the same family

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

The ability of two people to understand eachother when talking. Dialect Chains

The variant of a language that a county's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life

language that is given a unique legal status in a supranational company, society, state or other body or organization as its primary means of communication

Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of an ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages Language Convergence

the collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of people with different languages

Countries in which more than one language is spoken

Language believed to be the ancestral language of Proto-Indo-European, the Kartvelian languages, the Uralic-Atlantic, the Dravadian languages of India, and the Afro-Asiatic language family

Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin

Place name

A process whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation

Countries in which only one language is spoken