Studied by 13 peopleprimary cells are -
leukocytes
where are leukocytes stored?
thymus, spleen, bone marrow
what are the two types of immune cells?
phagocytes (eat) and lymphocytes (develop antibodies)
B cells -
produce antibodies
T cells -
destroy antibodies
when is IgG at mature levels?
8 years
when is IgM at mature levels?
1 year
when is IgA and IgE at mature levels?
6 years
what are changes to the lifestyle made by immunosuppressed children?
no live vaccines, no plants/flowers, neutropenic diet followed
a group of rare congenital disorders characterized by absence of both T and B cells
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
what increases an individuals risk for SCID?
consanguineous marriage (intermarriage)
a child presents with constant infections, failure to thrive, and small thymus, minimal tonsils and lymph nodes - what do suspect?
SCID
what is the primary treatment for SCID?
hematopoietic stem cell transplant within the first 3 months of life
what is some additional treatment for SCID?
gene therapy, thymus transplant, enzyme replacement
retrovirus that attacks the immune system by destroying T lymphocytes
HIV
what labs will you monitor in a child with HIV?
low WBCs and low T cell counts
when a HIV positive woman is pregnant and give birth, what do you assume about the fetus?
they they also have HIV until proven otherwise
what interventions have prevented transmission of HIV during pregnancy?
taking antiretroviral medications throughout pregnancy, elective C sections
an infant commonly getting candidiasis is a sign of -
HIV
what is a common sign of HIV in older children?
recurrent bacterial infections
how is HIV treated?
a combination of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs from at least 2 categories
joint inflammation lasting longer than 6 weeks with no identifiable cause with an onset occurring at younger than 16 years of age indicates -
juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
when are the two peaks of JIA?
preschool aged, adolescence
what are the two studies used to diagnosed JIA?
ESR and CRP
what is a non pharmalogical treatment of JIA?
physical therapy and range-of-motion exercises
what are common medications used to treat JIA?
NSAIDs, methotrexate, steroids, biologic response modifiers
the immune system identifies body tissue as foreign -
systemic lupus erythematosus
butterfly rash, fever, fatigue, hypertension, and abdominal pain are all common symptoms of -
lupus
what is a serious complication associated with lupus?
multiorgan failure
what is a common trigger of lupus?
the dark/ultraviolet light
what are diagnostic studies used for lupus?
ANA and LE
what is the goal of lupus treatment?
preventing outbreaks, treating outbreaks when they do happen, and preventing organ damage
what drugs are given to treat lupus initially?
NSAIDS and antimalarial drugs
what drugs are given later on in lupus treatment?
steroids and methotrexate
what medications are given to treat the neurologic symptoms of lupus?
immunosuppressive medications, antidepressants, antiepileptics
what does skin testing for allergies measure?
allergen specific IgE
what are some recommendations for treating insect stings and allergies?
cold compress, antipruritic (antihistamines), corticosteroids
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