P - S2021 - Energy, Work & Simple Machines

object that has energy because it is in motion

ability to cause a change

Radiant, thermal, motion, sound, electrical

KE = 1/2 mv^2

carried by electromagnetic waves

radio, microwave, infrared, visible (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet (UV), X-ray, gamma

sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles that make up an object

energy produced from near surface molten rock

carried by sound waves

form of kinetic energy that an electric current carries

transferred by waves moving through the ground

stored energy that depends on the interactions of objects, particles, or atoms

gravitational, elastic, chemical, nuclear

type of potential energy stored in an object that depends on its mass and its height above Earth's surface

GPE=mgh

stored in and released from the bonds between atoms

stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom through fission (splitting atoms) by humans or fusion (uniting atoms) in the high temperature and pressure found in the Sun

sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system of objects

to change form or structure

conversion of energy from one form to another

states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force acts on the object

does work through use of one movement that changes the direction or the amount of force required to perform a task

pivots around a fixed point

flat, sloped surface

inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

inclined plane that moves

shaft attached to a wheel so that both rotate together

toothed wheel used to transfer rotary motion and torque through interlocking teeth

grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it

the force exerted on an object by a machine

the force you exert on a machine

the ratio of the output force to the input force

ideal mechanical advantage

the mechanical advantage of a machine in the absence of friction

actual mechanical advantage

the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation

two or more simple machines working together

W = Fd, work = force x distance

unit of energy AND work

the rate at which work is done

standard metric unit of power; horsepower is equivalent to approximately 750 of these

P = Work / time (or P=Force*velocity)

ratio of output work to input work

(output work / input work)x100%