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DNA

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22 Terms

1

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Double-stranded. Type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

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2

Protein

Three-dimensional polymer made of amino acid monomers.

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3

Nucleotide

A building block of DNA that consists of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

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4

Helix

Three-dimensional spiral

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5

Adenine

A purine base component of nucleic acids found in DNA, RNA and in energy carrying molecules.

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6

Thymine

A pyrimidine base component of the nucleic acid, DNA.

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7

Guanine

A purine base component of nucleic acid, DNA and RNA.

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8

Cytosine

A pyrimidine base component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA.)

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9

Genetics

A brand of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.

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10

Genes

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein, resulting in a specific phenotype.

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11

Genome

A complete set of genes in one organism.

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12

Cells

Smallest unit of life.

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13

Organelles

Tiny structures that perform a function in a cell. (Producing energy, housing DNA, etc.)

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14

Eukaryotic Cells

Organisms that membrane-bound organelles.

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15

Prokaryotic Cells

Lacking membrane bound organelles.

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16

Chromosome

Tightly coiled DNA that if found in the nuclei of cells.

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17

Histones

A protein that DNA winds around to condense into a chromosome.

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18

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in-vitro.

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19

Restriction Enzymes

recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA.

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20

Recognition Sites

A sequence of DNA where a restriction enzyme cuts.

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21

Recognition Digestion

The process of cutting DNA molecules into smaller pieces using restriction enzymes.

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22

Gel Electrophoresis

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size and electrical charge.

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