Kinesiology midterm

Relationship between caloric input and caloric expenditure (output)

When energy input is more than output

When energy output is more than input

The energy we get when eating or drinking. Measured through calories

What happens when our body uses energy. Often referred to as “burning calories”

Number of calories expended if you rested for 24 hours. Affected by factors like age and gender. Accounts for 60-85% of total calorie burned

The body’s relative amount of fat-free mass (FFM) compared to fat mass (FM)

Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome

minimal amount of fat needed for physiological function

3-5% for men, 10-12% for women

10-22% for men, 20-32% for women

a measurement of height and weight

Maintaining a high quality of life that allows you to stay energized throughout daily activities.

Ability to connect with other people and establish healthy relationships with them.

Ability to understand ourselves and manage stresses in life with healthy coping strategies.

Being connected to something greater than yourself of having a core set of values, principles, morals, and beliefs.

Ability to recognize your own responsibility for the quality of nature.

Ability to be open to new ideas and experiences that can be applied to group interaction, personal decisions, and community betterment.

the body's physical, mental, and emotional response to a particular stimulus

Something that causes stress

Bad stress

Good stress

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation and breathing

any movement carried out by skeletal muscle that requires energy and is focused on building health.

A planned, structured, and repetitive movement pattern intended to improve fitness.

Frequency, intensity, time, and type

Doing an exercise with the intent of improving a more specific part of your body then multiple broadly.

works with respiratory system to deliver oxygen to and other nutrients throughout our bodies to our cell.

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

check resting heart rate

Amount of blood that the heart pumps each contraction.

Steady paced exercise done over a period of time. Examples include jogging, walking, and cycling.

Body producing ATP energy

heart disease

650

206

deterioration of muscle fibers

contains a single motor neuron (nerve) and the group of muscles it innervates

small “red” muscle fibers that contract slowly and generate \n relatively small forces; but, because of their rich myoglobin content, plentiful mitochondria, and rich capillary beds; such small red fibers are resistant to fatigue making them ideal for endurance activities or even maintaining upright posture for an extended period of time.

Larger, pale muscle fibers that generate more force; however, these fibers have sparse mitochondria and are therefore easily fatigued. Great for activities such as jumping or short sprints. Fast twitch fibers also have a greater potential for hypertrophy (increase in mass) with proper strength training volume.

As the name suggests, this \n third class of motor units has properties that lie between those of the other two. These fast fatigue-resistant motor units are of intermediate size and are not quite as powerful as fast twitch fiber units; but they are substantially more resistant to fatigue, and generate about twice the force of a slow twitch fiber.

Our genetics determine the ratio of fast/slow/intermediate \n fibers in our bodies. Most people have an even balance of fast and slow twitch fibers in the skeletal muscles that produce movement, but it is possible to have a greater ratio of one type or the other. It is important to note though, that each skeletal muscle will not have the same ratio. Much research also suggests that in some individuals, intermediate fibers are physiological more adaptable to training modes.

The nervous system recruits motor units in a specific order starting with smaller slow-twitch units, followed by intermediate-twitch and finally fast twitch fibers.

A muscle contraction or phase in which the muscle shortens as it produces force due to the binding of protein filaments.

A muscle contraction or phase in which the muscle lengthens. This “negative” phase of an exercise is critical for muscular development.

A muscle contraction in which the muscle does not move, \n or remains in the same position simply stabilizing a joint. An example would be holding a stable plank.

The achievable range of motion at a joint without causing injury.

no physical activity, heredity, gender, age, body temperature, injuries, and excessive body fat or muscle

Reduces chronic pain, Improves emotional/mental health, & improves posture

slowly stretching and holding a final position

stretching in which the muscle is constantly moving like in arm circles

stretching against a counterforce

form of dynamic stretch that involves quick, rapid movements. High risk of injury.