Studied by 14 peopleliquid to solid
freezing
solid to liquid
melting
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
gas to liquid
condensation
liquid to gas
evaporation
physichal properties
how it looks physically: Shape, Colour, temperature, change in state of matter
chemical properties
Characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances. How it's made up chemically
physical change
nothing new is created and only the appearance changes. Can be reversed. eg:ice cream melting, boiling water
chemical change
a different substance is formed. not reversible. Gas, shape, colour, smell, temperature eg:burning wood, food rotting
element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
mixtures
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
mechanical mixture
you can see the different substances that make up the mixture called heterogeneous. eg. trail mix, salad
solution
you cannot see the different substances that make up the mixture. called homogeneous eg. juice powder in water
Suspention
a cloudy mixture where tiny particles are held within another eg:orange juice with pulp
colloid
cloudy mixture where the tiny suspended particles cannot be separated eg.milk
calculating neutrons
atomic mass - atomic number
atom
particle of matter that makes up everything and is so tiny that we cannot see it.
electron
negatively charged particle
proton
positively charged particle
neutron
A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge
nucleus
Center of an atom
atomic mass
quantity of matter in an atom. found under the symbol
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
period
horizontal row in the periodic table
group
Vertical column in the periodic table. similiar elements are in a group
metals
solid, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, very malleable(strong) and ductile(be stretched into a wire).
non-metals
some solid, some gas, not very shiny, poor conductors, brittle and not ductile.
metalloids
have qualities of metals and non-metals. They are solid, dull or shiny, sometimes conduct electricity but not heat, brittle and not ductile.
alkali metals
most reactive metals: in group 1
alkaline earth metals
second most reactive: in group 2
halogens
most reactive nonmetals: group 17
noble gases
stable and non-reactive gasses: in group 18
saftey hazard symbols
hazard symbols not used for the workplace
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Yellow triangle
caution
orange diamond
warning
red diamond
danger
saftey hazard symbols
flammable, compressed gas, corrosive, oxidizing, harmful, health hazard, toxic, explosive
WHMIS symbols
compressed gas, flammable material, oxziding, explosion, harmful, biohazardous, corrosive, health hazard, harmful, harmful to enviroment
Ionic compounds
metal + non-metal
where are metals located on the periodic table?
everywhere on the left side of the staircase
where are non-metals?
on the right side of the staircase minus the metalloids
molecular compounds
non-metal + non metal
what does (s), (l), (g), (aq) mean?
(s)=solid (l)=liquid (g)=gas (aq)=aqueous/anything dissolved in water
how many atoms are in H2O?
H2O: H=2 O=1, Atoms=3
iconic compounds are what at room temp?
solid
do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
yes
how do you name ionic compounds?
balance them out by making a chart or switching the charges when it’s over 1
Calcium= 2+ and Nitrogen= 3- what’s the compound name?
Ca3N2
Sodium= 1+ Phosphorus= 3- what’s the compound name?
Na3P
Platinum= 4+ oxygen= 2- what’s the compound name?
PtO2 because of lowest terms
What does it mean when an element has a roman numeral?
It means that the element has more than one charge and the roman numeral depicts which one it has eg. Cu2+ = Cu(ll) or Cu+ = Cu(l)
molecular compounds are what at room temp?
either a solid, liquid, or gas
how do you write the names of molecular compounds?
by using prefixes eg. CO2 Carbon Dioxide= Carbon:1- and oxygen:2-
what are the molecular prefixes up to 6?
1:mono
2:di
3:tri
4:tetra
5:penta
6:hexa
reactants
the materials at the beginning of a chemical reaction
product
the new created substance at the end of a reaction
Evidence of a chemical change (gpcsh)
gas, precipitate, colour, shape, heat
exothermic
release heat or energy (hot) eg. making an ice cube, burning wood
endothermic
absorbs heat or energy (cold) eg. boiling water, formation of frost
combustion
a substance reacts with oxygen and produces CO2 and H2O
corrosion
reacts with oxygen to slowly create rust
law of conservation of mass
matter is not created or destroyed
how do you calculate how much product or reactant is missing using the law of conservation?
the products should equal the the reactant and the reactants should equal the product when you add them
open system
products and reactants can escape
closed system
products and reactants can’t escape
catalysts
increase the speed of a chemical reaction
concentration
more ____ make bigger and faster reactions
temperature
hotter= faster reactions
colder=slower reactions
surface area
higher=faster reactions
lower=slower reactions
qualitative
qualities of an element
quantitative
the number parts of an element
Note
Flashcard