EXAM 3 official

a complex series of hormonal and metabolic changes that occur to enable the body to adapt to stressors

Achieve and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; minimize body protein catabolism; and meet calorie, protein, and micronutrient needs

Excess cortisol inhibits protein synthesis even when protein intake is high, promotes insulin resistance, contributes to hyperglycemia, and suppresses immune response

anorexia, fever, lethargy, and weight loss

A higher-than-normal metabolism

potentially fatal complication that occurs from an abrupt change from a catabolic state to an anabolic state and increase in insulin caused by a dramatic increase in carbohydrate intake

The need for protein is higher than the need for calories, it’s important for wound healing, supporting immune function, and maintaining lean body mass. Antioxidant micronutrients supplements and vitamins are recommended to be given in doses of 5-10 times DRI

Lack of appetite; side effect of medications & mental issues

difficulty swallowing

To modify the texture of foods and/or viscosity of liquids to promote safe and efficient swallowing, allowing the client to achieve adequate nutrition and hydration while decreasing the risk of aspiration

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, there is a back flow of gastric acid into the esophagus

• Citrus, alcohol, and carbonated beverages

• Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD

Delayed gastric emptying, a chronic motility disorder of the stomach that can cause nausea, vomiting, bloating early satiety, and upper abdominal pain

• LIMIT FIBER

Iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, bone disease

chronic inflammation of the proximal small intestine mucosa related to a permanent intolerance to certain gluten-forming proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. -Iron, folic acid, B6, B12, vitamin D, copper, and zinc

inflammatory bowel disease -Risk of malnutrition

Decreases stool weight, bulk, and pulls water into stool and creates a softer stool; increase motility of colon

water, sodium, and potassium

infectious gastroenteritis, IBD, celiac disease

higher participation has increased he protein content in gluten, which is causing more gluten intolerance, this part of the seed has been increased by 25%

group of carbs that have been identified to cause problems in some people's guts that rapidly ferments

inflammation of diverticula

• triggered by red meats, obesity, and weight gain in adulthood

depleted ability to metabolize nutrients

calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamin B12

little to none

one of the most costly and burdensome chronic diseases of our time the body's inability to produce or respond to insulin resulting in the abnormal metabolism of carbs

carbohydrates

insulin dependent

no supplemental insulin; yes lifestyle changes

excessive urine production

excessive thirst

excessive appetite

genetics

obesity and lifestyle

5-10%

90-95%

dumb it down for Alyssa: 1 unit of insulin per every 15 grams of carbs eaten -50 g carbs eaten / 15 = 3.3 bolus

retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy

cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (#1 cause of death for diabetics), peripheral vascular disease, gangrene, impaired wound healing, periodontal disease, increased susceptibility to other illnesses

overuse of medication, too little food, or too much exercise can be just as life-threatening

o Characterized by hyperglycemia and ketonemia o DKA is presenting symptom when type 1 is diagnosed, type 2 rarely gets DKA; treated with electrolytes, fluid, and insulin o If corrected too quickly cerebral edema can occur

o Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in youth include: adiposity, family history, female, low socioeconomic status, and certain ethnicities and racial minorities o Weight control is key to prevention

ASCVD

Healthy eating pattern, adequate physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco

To improve cardiovascular health

Mediterranean

4600 mg/day

<2300 mg/day

40 and <50

<100

3/5 Elevated triglycerides, decreased HDL, raised BP, raised fasting blood glucose, raised central obesity

A wasting syndrome characterized by loss of lean tissue and muscle mass and bone mass