DNA, Inheritance, and Genetics

DNA holds the specific code for your body.

DNA is made up of Nucleotides

A Nucleotide is composed of two parts:

~DNA backbone

~Made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorous

-Rungs of the ladder: Bases

~Made of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

The bases interact to make a twisted ladder shape, called a double helix (the bases make up the rungs on the ladder).

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

A part for a trait given by a parent organism: Part of Ww

A gene that is always expressed and hides others

A gene that is only expressed when a dominant gene is not present

Two of the same gene

Two different genes

A physical representation of the genotype

Example: brown or blue eyes Instead of WW or Ww

The inherited set of alleles given by the parent

Example: WW or ww or Ww

A tool used to predict traits of an offspring

• Letters are used as symbols to designate genes

• Capital letters are used for dominant genes

• Lower case letters are used for recessive genes

• Genes always exist in pairs

Genes determine how you look, move, and grow.

You get your genes from your parents.

Inherited characteristics from both parents. The child inherits equal amounts of DNA from each parent. Each parent passes down one copy of each of their genes- this contributes to genetic variation. Unique set of inherited characteristics.

Genes: Genes determine how we look, move, and grow.

-You get your genes from your parents.

A trait comes from genes that come from the parents.

-Dominant genes are the genes that are always expressed and hide others.

-Recessive genes are the genes that are only expressed when a dominant gene is not present.

Inside the cell is the nucleus- Inside the nucleus is the chromosome- Inside Chromosome is the DNA or hereditary material.

Characteristics inherited from parents through DNA

Genetics is how genes and traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

There are four bases:

Adenine: A

Thymine: T

Guanine: G

Cytosine: C

• A only pairs with T and G only pairs with C.

One protein separates the two strands of DNA and another protein brings the correct new base to pair with the existing base.

• A with T, and G with C

~DNA backbone

~Made of phosphorous, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

-Rungs of the ladder: Bases

~Made of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

The order codes for your genes.