Unit 2: Keywords

the way of life of a society

statements that people hold to be true

standards shared by members of a culture and used to judge whether behaviour is right or wrong

the behaviour expected of members in a society

any situation in which two or more people have social contact with each other

norms in a particular society that are widely accepted and carry on over time

rules that are given force by being formalised by governments

a position that someone has in a society - ascribed or achieved

patterns of behaviour expected of someone because of their status in society

parts of society that have their own sets of norms and values

individuals’ perception of themselves

the roles and expectations associated with being male or female

the attributes that people think (often wrongly) characterise a group

ways in which members of society are made to conform to norms and values

a positive sanction

waysofrewarding or punishing acceptable or unacceptable behaviour

a group within a larger culture that has its own distinctive norms and values

sub-culture of adolescents or young adults

general agreement across a society on a set of values

in accordance with norms and social expectations

ways of controlling behaviour imposed by people without a formal role

people of the same status

excluding someone from the community or group

social control imposed by a person or organisation with the authority to implement rules or laws

institutions in which people are socialised

first and most important period of socialisation in which the individual learns the basic norms of behaviour

what pupils learn in schools apart from the content of lessons

influence that a peer group has to force or persuade its members to conform

use or threat of force or violence

the ways in which societies and their institutions remain stable over time

the period before adulthood

when an individual is accepted by their culture as a full member

the expected behaviour associated with being male

a relatively small ethnic group compared with the majority in a society and seen is a different

complex process by which different cultures around the world are increasingly aware of, interact with and influence each other

idea that as a result of globalisation there will be a single shared culture around the world

wide differences between human cultures

typical way of life

considering all cultures on their own terms rather than from a western point of view

society in which many different cultured exist alongside each other

cultural differences such as language and religion as well as place of origin

supposed biological differences between different groups

the idea that social situations and events are constructed by societies

ways in which people of the same/similar ages share a status

belonging to the age group of those advanced in years

a society in which children are highly valued and time is devoted to their wellbeing

later socialisation involving the learning of more specific norms and values for roles

young children learning by copying the behaviour of others

acting as an example

being male or female

how parents and others encourage and discourage behaviour

chanelling children towards activities considered appropriate for them

a form of social stratification grouping people based on social hierarchy

incomplete or ineffective socialisation

‘wild’ children who haven’t been socialised

influence of biological factors on human behaviour

influence of society and culture on human behaviour

when someone finds that the demands of 2 or more of their roles clash with each other

expected behaviour associated with being female