endocrine part 1 2 3

The body’s second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones

Endocrine glands

Maintenance of the internal environment ( balance )

Storage and use of energy substrates

Roles of endocrine system

Chemical substance released by a group of cells to control the function of other types of cells

types of hormones

has both neural function and releases hormones

other tissue and organs that produce hormones

hormones can exert their effect______ from their site of production

specialized neurons that secrete chemical into the blood rather than synaptic cleft

a cell targets a distant cell through the blood stream

cell target a nearby cell

cell target it self

play a key role in regulating almost all body function

released into and carried via______ to target tissue

refers to a cell that contain specific receptors (binding sites) for a particular hormone

what are the three general classes of hormones

secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, the pancreas `(insulin and glucagon), the parathyroid gland ( parathyroid hormone), and many others

secreted by the adrenal cortex ( cortisol and aldosterone ), the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone), the testes (testosterone), and the placenta (estrogen and progesterone)

secreted by the thyroid (thyroxine and triiodothyronine ) and the adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine ). there are no known polysaccharides or nucleic acid hormones

they can disolves in water (plasma)

secretedby gonads, adernal cortex, placenta

derived from cholesterol

usually bound to carrier proteins

derived from aminoc acid tyrosine

they include the thyroid hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (produced by the adrenal medulla) and dopamine (produced byh the hypothalamus)

first messenger

mechanism of action:

hormones recepetors interaction (first messenger)

enzyme activation

released of the second messenger

effect on cellular function

pass through the cytoplasm and enter nucleus where they bind with a receptor ( lock and key model )

region of tissue, or a molecule in a cell membrane, which responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter, hormone, antigen, or other substance.

hormonal receptors are large _______

receptors location

two factors control the concentration of a hormones in the blood

hormones are cleared by

clearance of protein-bound hormones is ________ than clearance of peptide hormones

blood level of hormones are controlled by feedback mechanisms

powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissue

it is located in the diencephalon

where is pituitary gland locatedn

anterior lobe

posterior lobe

what is adenohypophysis made up off

synthesize and secrete a number of hormones

receive, store and release hormones from the hypothalamus

is the stalk that connects the pituitary to the brain

is an extension of the neural tissue

is a true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

the six hormones of the anterior pituitary

stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone

stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)

initiates growth of ovarian follicle each month in the ovary and stimulates one or more follicles to develop to the stage of maturity and ovulation

stimulates sperm production in the male

acts with FSH to stimulates estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity

cause ovulation

stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism

accelerates fat catabolism and slows glucose catabolism

stimulates breast development during pregnancy and secretion of milk the delivery of the baby.

target tissue of ACTH

target tissue of TSH

target tissue of GH

target tissue of FSH

target tissue of LH

target tissue or PRL

hypothalamus neurons synthesize

hypothalamus neruon cell bodies produced

ADH also known as

posterior pituitary homones

these hormones are synthesized in the neuron cell bodies in hypothalamus and pack in______ with _________

posterioir pituitary gland

the posterior lobe is a downgrowth of

has a neural connection with the

secretions of the posterior pituitary are controlled by

synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons(supraoptic nucleus)

where is ADH stored

what are the two types of receptors for ADH

v1 receptors mediate

v2 receptors located in the principle cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the _____

ADH binds to V2 receptors on the _______ of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

what is the most important function of ADH to conserve body waste by____

in carotid artery and aortic arch

in left atrium

when the osmotic pressure is high

when the osmotic pressure is low

when the blood pressure is high

when the blood pressure is low

is synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons (paraventricular nucleus)

where is oxytocin located

function of oxytocin

where is the actual production of ADH and ocytocin occurs ?

the secretion and release of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by ?

controls many body functions related to homeostasis ( temperature, appetite, and thirst )

t the base of the neck, just below the Adam's apple

the thyroid is highly_____

thyroids hormones profoundly increase the________ if the body

the body’s major metabolic hormones

T4

T3

increase the body metabolic rate

CT

decrease the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone, which would release calcium into the blood

the thyroid tisse is made up of two type of cells

most of the thyroid tissue consist of the______

most of the thyroid tissue consist of the follicular cell, which secret the iodine-containing________

parafollicular cell is also called

the parafollicular cells secrete hormone