ELECTRICITY

The study of stationary electric charges.

The study of electric charges in motion.

can be created by contact, friction, or induction.

Electrification is due to the movement of

The smallest unit of electric charge is the

The fundamental unit of electric charge is

1 C =

What is the electrostatic charge of one electron?

Electrostatic Laws

The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

is sometimes called voltage.

The unit of electric potential is the

• Flow of electrons in a conductor.

• Measured in amperes (A)

is proportional to the number of electrons flowing in the electric circuit.

is equal to an electric charge of 1 C flowing through a conductor each second.

2 Types of Current

• Electrons flowing only in one direction

Electrons flowing alternately in opposite directions.

is measured in ohms (Ω)

is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

, resistors often used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses.

is any substance through which electrons flows easily.

Conductors (3 examples)

is any material that does not allow electron flow

Insulators (3 examples)

is a material that under some conditions behave as an insulator and in other conditions behaves as a conductor.

demonstrated semiconduction

William Shockley demonstrated semiconduction

Semiconductors (2 examples)

is the property of some materials to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature (Tc).

When were superconductors discovered?

When were superconductors commercially available in

When the resistance is controlled and the conductor is made into a closed path, the result is an electric current.

The voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance.

All circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor.

Contains elements that are connected at their ends rather than lie in a line along a conductor.

Rules for Series Circuits

Rules for Parallel Circuits

is measured in watts (W)

Is an electric power system, a fault or fault current is any abnormal electric current

is any failure that allows unintended connection of power circuit conductors with the earth.

provides an alternate path for electricity to follow, rather than going through a person.

happens when current passes through the body.

Refers to the injury or lethal dose of electrical energy

may be caused by excessive resistance that generates heat

Causes of Electrical fires

can occur when electricity ignites a flammable gas or combustible dust mixture in the air.

is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.