AP Psych Unit 5

Knowledge learned over many interactions

Remembering specific events (time, place, etc.)

"How to" or muscle memory

Remembering in order to remember

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Encoding, storage, retrieval

The processing of information into memory system

The process of retaining encoded information overtime.

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Processing many aspects of a situation simultaneously

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly.

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system and it includes things like knowledge, skills, and experiences.

A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information retrieved from long-term memory

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (Declarative memory)

Through effortful processing.

Retention independent of conscious recollection (Nondeclarative memory)

Through automatic processing.

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as time, place, and frequency.

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, or a photographic memory that does not last for more than a tenth of a second.

A momentary sensory of auditory stimuli: if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

Approximately seven items, plus or minus two but information disappears from memory if it is not rehearsed.

It varies based on age, intelligence level, and other factors.

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention.

Enhanced memory of retrieving, rather than simply rereading information.

Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words.

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words.

In the frontal lobes and hippocampus

You have trouble remembering verbal information.

You have trouble recalling visual designs and locations.

Store implicit memories that are created by classical conditioning

Facilitates the formation of our procedural memories for skills

Stress hormones are triggered and they influence memory formation. Stressful events are usually the most unforgettable.

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.

Recall, recognition, relearning

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information from earlier. Ex. Fill-in-the-blank questions

A measure of memory in which the person needs only to identify items previously learned. Ex. Multiple choice questions

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again. Ex. Studying for a final exam

The activation, often unconsciously of particular associations of memory.

What we learn in one state, may be easily recalled when we are in that state again.

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood either good or bad.

The tendency to recall best the last items in a list/series

The tendency to recall best the first items in a list/series

The inability to form new memories

The inability to retrieve information from one's past

Three reasons: Encoding failure, storage decay, and retrieval failure

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. Ex. Having trouble remembering a friend's new phone number because you memorized the old one.

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. Ex. Having trouble remembering what you learned in your first period class after you learned new material in your fourth period class.

Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.

Attributing to the wrong source an event which we have experienced, heard/read about, or imagined.

The eerie sense that you have experienced a particular situation before.